Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 4TYK
Which of the following statements about
a. Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 39 to 59.
b. Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 59 to 39.
c. DNA unwinds, primase adds RNA primer, and DNApolymerases synthesize the new strand and remove the RNAprimer.
d. Many initiation points exist in each eukaryotic chromosome.
e. Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the opposite directionfrom the direction in which the replication fork moves.
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What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication?
a
There are different DNA polymerases involved in elongation of the leading strand and the lagging strand.
b
The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' → 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the 5' → 3' direction.
c
The leading strand requires an RNA primer, whereas the lagging strand does not.
d
The leading strand is synthesized in the 3' → 5' direction in a discontinuous fashion, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' → 3' direction in a continuous fashion.
The following diagram represents a DNA molecule that is undergoing replication. Draw in the strands of newly synthesized DNA and identify (a) the polarity of the newly synthesized strands, (b) the leading and lagging strands, (c) Okazaki fragments, and (d) RNA primers.
During DNA replication, short RNA primers are made by the Primase. Why?
a.
To provide a 3'-OH so DNA polymerase can begin DNA synthesis.
b.
To recruit single stranded binding proteins to the correct location.
c.
To identify the termination sequence for DNA polymerase during DNA synthesis.
d.
To provide a 3'-OH so RNA polymerase can begin DNA synthesis.
e.
To identify the origin of replication to recruit the origin replication complex to the correct genomic location.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 14.3 - What is the importance of complementary base...Ch. 14.3 - Why is a primer needed for DNA replication? How is...Ch. 14.3 - DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I are used...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 14.4 - Why is a proofreading mechanism important for DNA...
Ch. 14 - Working on the Amazon River, a biologist isolated...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 14 - Pyrimidines built from a single carbon ring are:...Ch. 14 - Which of the following statements about DNA...Ch. 14 - Which of the following statements about DNA is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 14 - Discuss Concepts Eukaryotic chromosomes can be...Ch. 14 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 14 - Discuss Concepts During replication, an error...Ch. 14 - Design an Experiment Design an experiment using...Ch. 14 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 14 - Prob. 2ITD
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
. Which of the following statements best describe the mismatch repair pathway?a. It is part of the 3′to 5′proofreading function of DNApolymerase.b. It acts after DNA replication by recognizing mismatched base pairs.c. It is activated by stalled replication forks.d. It is coupled to transcription.
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What is the major role of DNA polymerase in the DNA replication?
a. Attached RNA primers to initiate the addition of complementary nucleotide sequence at the 5’ to 3’direction
b. Adds up new complementary nucleotide sequence at the 3’ to 5’ direction of the DNA template.
c. Unwinds the double helix by breaking the bonds at the 3’ to 5’ polymerization activity.
d.It transiently cuts each strand to prevent supercoil at the 5’ to 3’ polymerization activity complementary to the RNA strand
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What was the significance of Meselson and Stahl’s experiments on DNA replication using the heavy isotope of Nitrogen?
A. telomerase was identified as the molecule responsible for solving the end replication problem of eukaryotic chromosomes
B. the existence of lagging strand synthesis was proven.
C. the rate of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase was measured
D. the processivity of DNA polymerase was established
E. the semi-conservative mode of DNA replication was confirmed
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Why is DNA replication considered semiconservative?
A. Both strands of each replicating DNA molecules are conserved.
B. One molecule consists of the old strands and the other DNA molecule is entirely new.
C. One strand of each replicating DNA molecule is conserved and the other strand is newly synthesized.
D. Both strands of each replicating DNA molecule are new.
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Below is a study of a colony of cells, determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme.
- What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? Include leading and lagging strand
- Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? Will DNA be replicatation be impacted? Are any enzymes involved?
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In DNA replication, the role of topoisomerase is to
Question 11 options:
a)
"unzip" the double stranded DNA in front of DNA polymerase.
b)
maintain the single stranded DNA.
c)
supercoil the DNA after the replication fork has passed.
d)
relieve supercoil tension in the DNA in front of the replication fork.
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You are studying a colony of cells and determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme.
A) What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? In your answer make sure to describe what would be observed in the leading and lagging strand and explain your reasoning.
B) Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? In your answer make sure to indicate whether DNA replication will be impacted or not. If it is not, explain why. If it is impacted, then describe the step that is impacted and name the molecule or enzyme involved.
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Which of the following do you think would be true of the sites of the origin of replication (where DNA strands first begin to separate?) Hint: think about which would be the easiest to pull apart.
(a) they would be rich in purines (b) they would be rich in A and T sequences (c) they would be rich in pyrimidines (d) they would be rich in G and C sequences (e) they would be rich in A sequences
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Which of the following is NOT true of DNA replication?
a. Helicase uses ATP as an energy source.
b. Primase uses ATP to build primers.
c. Single-stranded binding proteins are enzymes that hold the strands open.
d. Telomerase adds nucleotides to the original DNA template.
e. Ligase uses a condensation reaction to make a single phosphodiester bond at each site of ligation..
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The diagram shows a model of DNA replication. The diagram points out a number of enzymes and protein factors involved in the process. If this cell were cancerous, a doctor might be using a chemotherapy drug to prevent the replication process from taking place. One such drug, topotecan, inhibits the topoisomerase enzyme from working. Based on the model, if topotecan is used, how will this affect the replication process?
A: The hydrogen bonds between the bases will not break
B: The double helix of the DNA molecule will not unwind
C: It will prevent the addition if complementary nitrogen bases to the leading or lagging DNA strands
D: It will prevent the addition of nitrogen bases due to instability of the single-stranded DNA chains
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Would it be possible to start synthesizing the daughter DNA strand without assembling the RNA primer first? Why? Why not?
A. Yes, because the 3' OH is already present in the DNA strand which will be used as a template.
B. No, because the RNA primer which contains the free 5' PO4 in its ribose will not be synthesized by primase.
C. Yes, because the 5' PO4 is already present in the DNA strand which will be used as a template.
D. No, because the RNA primer which contains the free 3' OH in its ribose has to be synthesized by primase first.
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(a) What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?(b) What is the function of DNA polymerase?(c) What are replication forks? Compare and contrast leading and lagging strands.
Answer all please
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