Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Quantity of heat required to heat
Concept Introduction:
To increase the temperature of a solid we need to supply heat energy. Specific heat plays crucial role in increase of temperature of a substance.
(b)
Interpretation:
How much heat energy will be required to melt
Concept Introduction:
Melting point is the temperature at which a solid starts melting to liquid and until all the solid is not melted temperature remains same.
(c)
Interpretation:
How much heat energy will be required to vaporize
Concept Introduction:
Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid starts boiling to vapor and until all the liquid is not boiled off temperature remains same.
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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
- The lattice energy of LiF is 1023 kJ/mol, and the LiF distance is 201 pm. MgO crystallizes in the same structure as LiF but with a Mg—O distance of 205 pm. Which of the following values most closely approximates the lattice energy of MgO: 256 kJ/mol, 512 kJ/mol, 1023 kJ/mol, 2046 kJ/mol, or 4008 kJ/mol? Explain your choice.arrow_forwardGiven the tabulated data, what is the lattice energy of crystalline calcium chloride?heat of sublimation for calcium +178 kJ/molfirst ionization energy for calcium +590 kJ/molsecond ionization energy for calcium +1145 kJ/molheat of dissociation for chlorine +122 kJ/mol(Cl2)electron affinity for chlorine -349 kJ/molheat of formation for calcium chloride -796 kJ/molarrow_forwardA substance formed a crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a (n)arrow_forward
- uppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xiguum" (Xi).Xi exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth. Xi(s) + Cl2(g) → XiCl2(s) Lattice energy for XiCl2 -1900. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Xi 400. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Xi 680. kJ/mol Electron affinity of Cl -348.7 kJ/mol Bond energy of Cl2 239 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xi 150. kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xiguum chloride.arrow_forwardElement First Ionization Energy (kJImol) Second Ionization Energy (kiImol) I K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 75. Use principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2+ ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is 3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K2O is 2240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies. Element First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.arrow_forwardThe lattice energy of KF is 794 kJ/mol, and the interionic distance is 269 pm. The Na—F distance in NaF, which has the same structure as KF, is 231 pm. Which of the following values is the closest approximation of the lattice energy of NaF: 682 kJ/mol, 794 kJ/mol, 924 kJ/mol, 1588 kJ/mol, or 3175 kJ/mol? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- What types of forces exist between the individual particles in an ionic solid? Are these threes relatively strong or relatively weak?arrow_forwardFor each pair, choose the compound with the higher lattice en-ergy , and explain your choice: (a) CaO or CaS; (b) BaO or SrOarrow_forwardhow much vaporization energy does 185.65g of FeO release according to 4FeO + O2 -> 2Fe2O3 FeO= 71.844 g/mol H vaporization = -560 kJ/molarrow_forward
- 1. An 800g aluminium block cools from 85°C to 30 °C. Calculate the heat capacity, C, of the aluminium block. 2. Construct an energy cycle diagram for potassium fluoride. 3. Determine the lattice energy of potassium fluoride. Enthalpy of atomization of potassium = +89.2kj/mol Enthalpy of atomization of fluorine = +79kj/mol 1st ionization energy of pottasium = +418kj/mol Electron affinity of fluorine = -328kj/mol Enthalpy of formation of potassium fluoride = -561.7kj/molarrow_forwardUse the Born–Haber cycle to calculate the enthalpy of formationof KBr, which crystallizes in the NaCl lattice. Use thesedata in the calculation: Hvap(Br2) = 29.8 kJ/mol; Br2 bondenergy = 190.2 kJ/mol; and Hsub(K) = 79 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardWhich substances have the lowest melting points: ionic, covalent, or metallic? What does the low melting point tell you about the strength of the forces holding the particles together?arrow_forward
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