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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Fischer projection for D-galactose has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Fischer projection formula simply uses cross for representing tetrahedral carbon atom. The carbon atom that is present in the intersection point in cross. The horizontal bonds means they are coming forward and they are present on wedge bond. The vertical bonds means they are pointing away and they are present on dashed lines.
(b)
Interpretation:
Fischer projection for the enantiomer of D-galactose has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Enantiomers are two stereoisomers of a compound that rotate the plane polarized light exactly opposite. The configuration present in the enantiomers will be exactly opposite to each other.
Fischer projection formula simply uses cross for representing tetrahedral carbon atom. The carbon atom that is present in the intersection point in cross. The horizontal bonds means they are coming forward and they are present on wedge bond. The vertical bonds means they are pointing away and they are present on dashed lines.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Principles of General Organic & Biological Chemistry
- (a) Draw the condensed structural formula, and give the name for the dipeptide Pro-Asn. (b) Draw the disaccharide formed by the following two monosaccharide via 1,4-linkage. In your disaccharide structure, circle and label the anomeric carbon and indicate whether you have an alpha (a) or a beta (B) anomer. CH2OH CH₂OH ОН ОН ОН ОН, ОН ОН ОН ОНarrow_forwardMonosaccharides can be categorized in terms of thenumber of carbon atoms (pentoses have five carbons andhexoses have six carbons) and according to whether theycontain an aldehyde (aldo- prefix, as in aldopentose) orketone group (keto- prefix, as in ketopentose). Classify glucoseand fructose in this way.arrow_forwardA) Define "reducing sugar." (b) Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose (Glc(1 → 2)Fru). Explain why sucrose is not a reducing sugar, even though both glucose and fructose are.arrow_forward
- Consider N-acetyl-d-glucosamine Q.) Draw a chair conformation for the disaccharide formed by joining two units of the pyranose form of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine by a b-1,4-glycosidic bond. If you draw this correctly, you have the structural formula for the repeating dimer of chitin, the structural polysaccharide component of the shell of lobsters and other crustaceans.arrow_forwardThis substance, produced by certain soil bacteria as a defensive weapon, is used as an antibiotic. It is derived from monosaccharides. CH3 H NH₂ H₂N CH3 OH HO NH₂ CH3 NH -CH3 OH (a) How many "monosaccharide" residues are present? (b) List one way that these residues differ chemically from the monosaccharides you have I seen so far. (c) Draw an arrow pointing to one glycosidic bond. (d) Can you tell whether the bonds linking the residues have the alpha or beta configuration?arrow_forwardIn glycoside formation, the hemiacetal functional group of a cyclic monosaccharide is converted to an acetal group by reaction with a(an)arrow_forward
- The structure below is aarrow_forwardStructures of monosaccharides are a) polymers b) pyranoses or furanoses c) aldoses or ketoses d) B and Carrow_forwardVanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), the principal component of vanilla, occurs in vanilla beans and other natural sources as a b-d-glucopyranoside. Draw a structural formula for this glycoside, showing the d-glucose unit as a chair conformation.arrow_forward
- Which of the following will produce both glucose and galactose when it is hydrolyzed? a) Sucrose b) maltose c) lactose d) amylosearrow_forwardWhich statement about saccharides is correct? (A). Alpha anomers are more common than beta anoomers. (B). Two monosaccharides can form a disaccharide and oxygen. (C). Polysaccharides with alpha or beta glycosidic linkages have the different properties. (D). Disaccharides can be cyclic or acyclic.arrow_forward14. (a) Identify the acetal and the ketal group in the following disaccharide. (b) Decide whether the compound is a non-reducing or reducing sugar. OH НО HƠ HO Н HO Н НО HO 15. (a) Identify the glycosidic bond in the following disaccharide. (b) Decide whether the compound is a non-reducing or reducing sugar. (c) Polysaccharide units are usually bonded together with a or B 1, 6 or 1, 4 linkages. What linkage is used in the disaccharide shown below? s) НО НО НО HO НО -OH OH -H OH CH2OH 16. Draw the structure for 1,4-B-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose. ( но- 17. Assign an R/S designation to each chirality center in the following compound: ( CHO НО -OHarrow_forward
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