Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 14.3, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason of having
Introduction:
The genetic code is a guide that defines how the information in the form of nucleotides on the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is converted to amino acids. The nucleotides that form the backbone of DNA along with sugar and phosphate moieties are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). On the ribonucleic acid (RNA) strand, there is uracil (U) instead of thymine. Three nucleotides form one codon, which translates into an amino acid.
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In how many cases in the genetic code would it NOT be possible to know the amino acid specified by a codon if only the first two nucleotides of the codon are known?
What is meant by the statement “The genetic code is universal”? What is the significance of this finding?
What does “Universality and Degeneracy” of the Genetic Code mean? State the significance of both the code’s Universality and Degeneracy.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- If the genetic code uses triplets, how many different amino acids can be coded by a repeating RNA polymer composed of UA and UC (UAUCUAUCUAUC ...)? a. one b. two c. three d. four e. fivearrow_forwardMost codons specify an _________ . a. protein c. amino acid b. polypeptide d. mRNAarrow_forwardWhat is the meaning of the statement “The code is redundant but not ambiguous?”.arrow_forward
- What does it mean when we say that the genetic code is degenerate? Discuss the universality of the genetic code.arrow_forwardDefine Overlapping code as they apply to the genetic codearrow_forwardIf there are 64 possible codons in the genetic code and the amino acid is specified by each, as read in the 5’ to 3’ direction from the mRNA sequence, which ones are STOP codons?arrow_forward
- What are the key characteristics of the genetic code?arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between the structure and function of proteins and how are they are encoded by the genetic code?arrow_forwardThe genetic code uses three bases to encode one amino acid. Why can't the code use only two bases to encode each amino acid?arrow_forward
- In your own words, What is meant by “Universality and Degeneracy” of the Genetic Code? What is the significance of the code’s Universality? Degeneracy?arrow_forwardMost proteins have more leucine than histidine residues, but more histidine than tryptophan residues. Correlate the number of codons for these three amino acids with this information.arrow_forwardExplain the reasoning establishing that a sequence of three nucleotides (a triplet codon) is the basic unit of the code relating DNA to protein?arrow_forward
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