A mechanism for the first step of the given reaction has to be given. Concept Introduction: Grignard Reaction: This is a organometallic reaction in different alkyl, aryl-magnesium halides add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde and ketone . This reaction is an important for the conversion of carbon-carbon single ( -C-C- ) bond. Moreover the addition of a reagent to an aster, lactone gives a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same and the addition of a Grignard reagent to a nitrile produces an unsymmetrical ketone. Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides ( R M g X ) are known as Grignard reagent . The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which the Grignard reagent act as nucleophile and attack electrophilic carbon atom that are present within polar bonds to yield a carbon-carbon bond. Synthesis of Grignard reagent is shown below, R − X A l k y l / a r y l h a l i d e + M g → E t h e r R M g X G r i g n a r d r e a g e n t Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

Question

A common illicit synthesis of methamphetamine involves an interesting variation of the Birch reduction. A solution of ephedrine in alcohol is added to liquid ammonia, followed by several pieces of lithium metal. The Birch reduction usually reduces the aromatic ring, but in this case it eliminates the hydroxy group of ephedrine to give methamphetamine. Propose a mechanism, similar to that for the Birch reduction, to explain this unusual course of the reaction.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the first step of the given reaction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Grignard Reaction: This is a organometallic reaction in different alkyl, aryl-magnesium halides add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde and ketone. This reaction is an important for the conversion of carbon-carbon single (-C-C-) bond. Moreover the addition of a reagent to an aster, lactone gives a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same and the addition of a Grignard reagent to a nitrile produces an unsymmetrical ketone.

Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides (RMgX) are known as Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which the Grignard reagent act as nucleophile and attack electrophilic carbon atom that are present within polar bonds to yield a carbon-carbon bond.

Synthesis of Grignard reagent is shown below,

R−XAlkyl/aryl halide + Mg →Ether RMgXGrignard reagent

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The function of the acid in the second step for given reaction has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Grignard Reaction: This is a organometallic reaction in different alkyl, aryl-magnesium halides add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde and ketone. This reaction is an important for the conversion of carbon-carbon single (-C-C-) bond. Moreover the addition of a reagent to an aster, lactone gives a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same and the addition of a Grignard reagent to a nitrile produces an unsymmetrical ketone.

Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides (RMgX) are known as Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which the Grignard reagent act as nucleophile and attack electrophilic carbon atom that are present within polar bonds to yield a carbon-carbon bond.

Synthesis of Grignard reagent is shown below,

R−XAlkyl/aryl halide + Mg →Ether RMgXGrignard reagent

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

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