Concept explainers
Consider the Schmitt trigger in Figure P15.46. Assume the saturated outputvoltages are
Figure P15.46
(a)
To derive: The expression for the crossover voltage
Answer to Problem 15.46P
The expression for the crossover voltage
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The upper saturated output voltage,
The lowest saturated output voltage,
Calculation:
In an ideal op-amp, the inverting and non-inverting terminal currents are zero. Due to the virtual ground concept, the inverting and non-inverting node voltages are equal.
Given circuit can be represented as
Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at inverting node.
Hence, we get
Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at non-inverting node.
Substitute
When
The upper crossover voltage of Schmitt trigger
Similarly, when
The lower crossover voltage of Schmitt trigger
Conclusion:
Therefore, the expression for the crossover voltage
(b)
To find: the values of
To sketch: The voltage transfer characteristics.
Answer to Problem 15.46P
The required values are
The voltage transfer characteristics are shown in Figure 1
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The circuit voltages are:
Calculation:
The upper crossover voltage is
Therefore, the upper crossover voltage is
The lower crossover voltage is given by,
Therefore, the lower crossover voltage is
The given Schmitt trigger is positive feedback comparator.
Here, the transfer characteristic is a rectangle. Hence, it is called hysteresis which is a dead band. It is so called as the output is not changing
The output remains in the state indefinitely until input voltage crosses the any of the threshold levels.
The voltage transfer characteristics of the given Schmitt trigger is,
Figure 1
Conclusion:
Therefore, the required values are
Therefore, the voltage transfer characteristics are shown in Figure 1.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design
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