(a)
Interpretation:
The compound that has higher solubility in water among the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that contains a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom bonded to it. Aldehyde that has one and two carbon atoms are gas at room temperature. The physical state of aldehyde that contains three carbon atoms to eleven carbon atoms that are not branched is liquid at room temperature. Aldehydes that contain more than eleven carbon atoms are solid at room temperature.
Ketones contain a carbonyl group that contains two carbon atoms bonded to it. For a compound to be ketone, a minimum of three carbon atom is required. Ketones that contain three carbon atoms to eight carbon atoms which have the carbonyl group at the second carbon atom are liquid at room temperature.
Solubility of aldehydes and ketones depend upon the length of the carbon chain. Those contain less than six carbon atoms are soluble in both water and organic solvents. Aldehydes and ketones that contain six or more carbon atoms are not soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents only. Solubility of smaller ketones and aldehydes are result of the hydrogen bond formation between the lone pairs of oxygen atom and the hydrogen atom in the water molecule.
(b)
Interpretation:
The compound that has higher solubility in water among the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that contains a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom bonded to it. Aldehyde that has one and two carbon atoms are gas at room temperature. The physical state of aldehyde that contains three carbon atoms to eleven carbon atoms that are not branched is liquid at room temperature. Aldehydes that contain more than eleven carbon atoms are solid at room temperature.
Ketones contain a carbonyl group that contains two carbon atoms bonded to it. For a compound to be ketone, a minimum of three carbon atom is required. Ketones that contain three carbon atoms to eight carbon atoms which have the carbonyl group at the second carbon atom are liquid at room temperature.
Solubility of aldehydes and ketones depend upon the length of the carbon chain. Those contain less than six carbon atoms are soluble in both water and organic solvents. Aldehydes and ketones that contain six or more carbon atoms are not soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents only. Solubility of smaller ketones and aldehydes are result of the hydrogen bond formation between the lone pairs of oxygen atom and the hydrogen atom in the water molecule.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 15 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Look at the structures of aniline, N-methyl aniline and Triethylamine rank these compounds in order of increasing solubility in water.arrow_forwardIndustiral Chemistry Both Tetraethyl lead and methyl-t-butyl ether have been removed from or in the process of being removed from the gasoline additive industry. Explain why each of these compounds were used so highly, and why each is considered dangerous.arrow_forwardFill in the blanks; ______ has a higher boiling point than _________? a. Carbon dioxide; 1-butanamine b. Butane; 2-butanol c. None of these are correct d. 1-methoxypropane; 2-heptene e. Cyclohexane; 1-propanolarrow_forward
- List the following compounds in order of increasing water solubility: a.ethoxyethane b.propanoic acid c.pentane d.1 butanolarrow_forward. What is the simplest aromatic alcohol commonly called? What is it mostly used for in the United States?arrow_forwardwhat liquid would you expect to have the highest boiling point and why? pentane , 2-pentanol or pentanal?arrow_forward
- What type of product should be formed if butanol went through an oxidation reaction to completion? (A) carboxylic acid (B) ketone (C) no product formed (D) aldehydearrow_forward1. WRITE THE IUPAC NAME OF THIS ETHER CH3CH2-O-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 2. HOW DO PHENOLS DIFFER FROM ALCOHOLS IN TERMS OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES? 3. HOW DO PHENOLS DEIFFER IN PROPERTIES FROM AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS?arrow_forwardAlkanes are good organic solvents and miscible in non-polar solvent. Why alkanes are insoluble in water?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between a disulfide bond, mercapto bond, dithiol bond, and dimercapto bond?arrow_forwardWhat happens when Fehling's solution is added to benzaldehyde? What happens when Fehling's solution is added to acetone? Include a youtube video reference in your explanation.arrow_forwardThe IUPAC name of the molecule attached is? A) methylpropylmethanal B) butoxymethanal C) butoxymethanoic acid D) oxopropoxyethane E) dimethylethyl methanoate F) none of the above are correctarrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoOrganic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning