College Physics For Ap® Courses
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168932
Author: Gregg Wolfe, Irina Lyublinskaya, Douglas Ingram
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 15, Problem 3CQ
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Chapter 15 Solutions
College Physics For Ap® Courses
Ch. 15 - Describe the photo of the tea kettle at the...Ch. 15 - The first law of thermodynamics and the...Ch. 15 - Heat transfer Q and work done W are always energy...Ch. 15 - How do heat transfer and internal energy differ?...Ch. 15 - If you run down some stairs and stop, what happens...Ch. 15 - Give an explanation of how food energy (calories)...Ch. 15 - Identify the type of energy transferred to your...Ch. 15 - A great deal of effort time, and money has been...Ch. 15 - One method of converting heat transfer to doing...Ch. 15 - Would the previous question make any sense for an...
Ch. 15 - We ordinarily say that U=0 for an isothermal...Ch. 15 - The temperature of a rapidly expanding gas...Ch. 15 - Which cyclical process represented by the two...Ch. 15 - A real process may be nearly adiabatic if it...Ch. 15 - It is unlikely that a process can be isothermal...Ch. 15 - Imagine you are driving a car up Pike’s Peak in...Ch. 15 - Is a temperature difference necessary to operate a...Ch. 15 - Definitions of efficiency vary depending on how...Ch. 15 - Whyother than the fact that the second law of...Ch. 15 - Think about the drinking bird at the beginning of...Ch. 15 - Can improved engineering and materials be employed...Ch. 15 - Does the second law of thermodynamics alter the...Ch. 15 - Explain why heat pumps do not work as well in very...Ch. 15 - In some Northern European nations, homes are being...Ch. 15 - Why do refrigerators, air conditioners, and heat...Ch. 15 - Grocery store managers contend that there is less...Ch. 15 - Can you cool a kitchen by leaving the refrigerator...Ch. 15 - A woman shuts her summer cottage up in September...Ch. 15 - Consider a system with a certain energy content,...Ch. 15 - Does a gas become more orderly when it liquefies?...Ch. 15 - Explain how water’s entropy can decrease when it...Ch. 15 - Is a uniform-temperature gas more or less orderly...Ch. 15 - Give an example of a spontaneous process in which...Ch. 15 - What is the change in entropy in an adiabatic...Ch. 15 - Does the entropy at a star increase or decrease as...Ch. 15 - Explain why a building made of bricks has smaller...Ch. 15 - Explain why a building made of bricks has smaller...Ch. 15 - What is the change in internal energy of a car if...Ch. 15 - How much heat transfer occurs from a system, if...Ch. 15 - A system does 1.80108J of work while 7.50108J of...Ch. 15 - What is the change in internal energy of a system...Ch. 15 - Suppose a woman does 500 J of work and 9500 J of...Ch. 15 - (a) How much food energy will a man metabolize in...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the average metabolic rate in watts of...Ch. 15 - (a) How long will the energy in a 1470kJ (350kcal)...Ch. 15 - (a) A woman climbing the Washington Monument...Ch. 15 - A car tire contains 0.0380m3 S of air at a...Ch. 15 - A heliumfilled toy balloon has a gauge pressure of...Ch. 15 - Steam to drive an old—fashioned steam locomotive...Ch. 15 - A hand—driven tire pump has a piston with a 2.50cm...Ch. 15 - Calculate the net work output of a heat engine...Ch. 15 - What is the net work output of a heat engine that...Ch. 15 - Unreasonable Results What is wrong with the claim...Ch. 15 - (a) A cyclical heat engine, operating between...Ch. 15 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a car's...Ch. 15 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a car trip...Ch. 15 - A certain heat engine does 10.0 kJ of work and...Ch. 15 - With 2.56106J of heat transfer into this engine, a...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the work output of a cyclical heat...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the eficiency of a cyclical heat...Ch. 15 - The engine of a large Ship does 2.00108J of work...Ch. 15 - (a) How much heat transfer occurs to the...Ch. 15 - Assume that the turbines at a coal—powered power...Ch. 15 - This problem compares the energy output and heat...Ch. 15 - A certain gasoline engine has an efficiency of...Ch. 15 - A gascooled nuclear reactor operates between hot...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the hot reservoir temperature of a...Ch. 15 - Steam locomotives have an efficiency of 17.0% and...Ch. 15 - Practical steam engines utilize 450C steam, which...Ch. 15 - A coalfired electrical power station has an...Ch. 15 - Would you be willing to financially back an...Ch. 15 - Unreasonable Results (a) Suppose you want to...Ch. 15 - Unreasonable Results Calculate the cold reservoir...Ch. 15 - What is the coefficient of performance of an ideal...Ch. 15 - Suppose you have an ideal refrigerator that cools...Ch. 15 - What is the best coefficient of performance...Ch. 15 - In a very mild winter climate, a heat pump has...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the best coefficient of performance...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the best coefficient of performance...Ch. 15 - Suppose you want to operate an ideal refrigerator...Ch. 15 - An ideal heat pump is being considered for use in...Ch. 15 - A 4ton air conditioner removes 5.60107J (48,000...Ch. 15 - Show that the coefficients of performance of...Ch. 15 - (a) On a winter day, a certain house loses...Ch. 15 - On a hot summer day, 4.00106J of heat transfer...Ch. 15 - A hot rock ejected from a volcano's lava fountain...Ch. 15 - When 1.60105J of heat transfer occurs into a meat...Ch. 15 - The Sun radiates energy at the rate of 3.801026W...Ch. 15 - (a) In reaching equilibrium, how much heat...Ch. 15 - What is the decrease in entropy of 25.0 g of water...Ch. 15 - Find the increase in entropy of 1.00 kg of liquid...Ch. 15 - A large electrical power station generates 1000 MW...Ch. 15 - (a) How much heat transfer occurs from 20.0 kg of...Ch. 15 - Using Table 15.4, verify the contention that if...Ch. 15 - What percent of the time will you get something in...Ch. 15 - (a) If tossing 100 coins, how many ways...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the change in entropy if you start...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the change in entropy if you start...Ch. 15 - (a) If you toss 10 coins, what percent of the time...Ch. 15 - (a) Construct a table showing the macro states and...Ch. 15 - In an air conditioner, 12.65 MJ of heat transfer...
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- An ideal gas expands isothermally along AB and does 700 J of work (see below). (a) How much heat does the gas exchange along AB? (b) The gas then expands adiabatically along BC and does 400 J of work. When the gas returns to A along CA, it exhausts 100 J of heat to its surroundings. How much work is done on the gas along this path?arrow_forwardWhen a gas expands along AB (see below), it does 500 J of work and absorbs 250 J of heat. When the gas expands along AC, it does 700 J of work and absorbs 300 J of heat. (a) How much heat does the gas exchange along BC? (b) When the gas makes the transmission from C to A along CDA, 800 J of work are done on it from C to D. How much heat does it exchange along CDA?arrow_forwardWhen a gas expands along path AC shown below, it does 400 J of work and absorbs either 200 or 400 J of heat. (a) Suppose you are told that along path ABC, the gas absorbs either 200 or 400 J of heat. Which of these values is correct? (b) Give the correct answer from part (a), how much work is done by the gas along ABC? (c) Along CD, the internal energy of the gas decreases by 50 J. How much heat is exchanged by the gas along this path?arrow_forward
- Consider these scenarios and state whether work is done by the system on the environment (SE) or by the environment on the system (ES): (a) opening a carbonated beverage; (b) filling a flat tire; (c) a sealed empty gas can expands on a hot day, bowing out the walls.arrow_forwardWhen a dilute gas expands quasi-statically from 0.50 to 4.0 L, it does 250 J of work. Assuming that the gas temperature remains constant at 300 K, (a) what is the change in the internal energy of the gas? (b) How much heat is absorbed by the gas in this process?arrow_forwardConsider the processes shown below. In the processes AB and BC, 3600 J and 2400 J of heat are added to the system, respectively. (a) Find the work done in each of the processes AB, BC, AD, and DC. (b) Find the internal energy change in processes AB and BC. (c) Find the internal energy difference between states C and A. (d) Find the total heat added in the ADC process. (e) From the information give, can you find the heat added in process AD? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into contact into thermal equilibrium successively with reservoirs at 20 , 40 , 60 , and 80 . (a) What is the entropy change of the water? (b) Of the reservoir? (c) What is the entropy change of the universe?arrow_forwardA Carnot engine performs 100 J of work while discharging 200 J of heat each cycle. After temperature of the hot reservoir only is adjusted, it is found that the engine now does 130 J of work while discarding the same quantity of heat. (a) What are the initial and final efficiencies of the engine? (b) What is the fractional change in the temperature of the hot reservoir?arrow_forwardConsider a transformation from point A to B in a two-step process. First, the pressure is lowered from 3 MPa at point A to a pressure of 1 MPa, while keeping the volume at 2 L by cooling the system. The state reached is labeled C. Then the system is heated at a constant pressure to reach a volume of 6 L in the state B. (a) Find the amount of work on the ACB path. (b) Find the amount of heat exchanged by the system when it goes from A to B on the ACB path. (c) the change in the internal energy when the AB process occurs adiabatically with the AB change though the two-step process on the ACB path.arrow_forward
- (a) On a winter day, a certain house loses 5.00108J of heat to the outside (about 500,000 Btu). What is the total change in entropy due to this heat transfer alone, assuming an average indoor temperature of 21.0C and an average outdoor temperature of 5.00C ? (b) This large change in entropy implies a large amount of energy has become unavailable to do work. Where do we find more energy when such energy is lost to us?arrow_forwardWhat is the net work output of a heat engine that follows path ABDA in the preceding problem with a straight line from B to D? Why is the work output less than for path ABCDA?arrow_forwardA heat pump has a coefficient of performance of 3.80 and operates with a power consumption of 7.03 103 W. (a) How much energy does it deliver into a home during 8.00 h of continuous operation? (b) How much energy does it extract from the outside air?arrow_forward
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