Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 9P
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Describe the Effects on cAMP and Glycogen Levels in Cells Exposed to Cholera Toxin Cholera toxin is an enzyme that covalently modifies the G
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Biochemistry
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- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Graphical Analysis of MWC Allosteric Enzyme Kinetics (Integrates with Chapter 1.1) Draw both Line weaver-Burk plots and Hanes-Woolf plots for an MWC allosteric enzyme system, showing separate curves for the kinetic response in (a) the absence of any effectors, (b) the presence of allosteric activator Λ, and (c) the presence of allosteric inhibitor I.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Assessing the Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium You are studying the various components of the venom of a poisonous lizard. One of the venom components is a protein that appears to be temperature sensitive. When heated, it denatures and is no longer toxic. The process can be described by the following simple equation: There is only enough protein from this venom to carry out two equilibrium measurements. At 298 K, you find that 98% of the protein is in its to.\ic form. However, when you raise the temperature to 320 �.. you find that only 10% of the protein is in its toxic form. Calculate the equilibrium constants for the T to N conversion at these two temperatures. Use the data to determine the H,S, and G for this process.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Quantitative Relationships Between Rate Constants to Calculate Km, Kinetic Efficiency (kcat/Km) and Vmax - I Measurement of the rate constants for a simple enzymatic reaction obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics gave the following results: k1=2108M1sec1k1=1103sec1k2=5103sec1a. What is Ks, the dissociation constant for the enzyme-substrate complex? b. What is Km, the Michaelis constant for this enzyme? c. What is kcat (the turnover number) for this enzyme? d. What is the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for this enzyme? e. Does this enzyme approach kinetic perfection? (That is, does kcat/Km approach the diffusion-controlled rate of enzyme association with substrate?) f. If a kinetic measurement was made using 2 nanomoles of enzyme per mL and saturating amounts of substrate, what would Vmax equal? g. Again, using 2 nanomoles of enzyme per mL of reaction mixture, what concentration of substrate would give v = 0.75 Vmax? h. If a kinetic measurement was made using 4 nanomoles of enzyme per mL and saturating amounts of substrate, what would Vmax equal? What would Km equal under these conditions?arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Exploring the Action of Phospholipase A2 As you read Suction 8.7, you might have noticed that phospholipase A2, the enzyme found in rattlesnake venom, is also the enzyme that produces essential and beneficial lipid signals in most organisms, lix. plain the differing actions of phospholipase At in these processes.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Determining the Branch Points and Reducing Ends of Amylopectin A 0.2-g sample of amylopectin was analyzed to determine the fraction of the total glucose residues, that are branch points in the structure. The sample was exhaustively methylated and then digested, yielding 50-mol of 2,3-dimethylgluetose and 0.4 mol of 1,2,3,6- letramethylglucose. What fraction of the total residues are branch points? I low many reducing ends does this sample of amylopectin have?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Solving the Sequence of an Oligopeptide From Sequence Analysis Data Analysis of the blood of a catatonic football fan revealed large concentrations of a. psychologic octapeptide. Amino acid analysis of this oclapeplide gave the following results: 2 Ala lArg 1 Asp 1 Mel 2 Tyr I Val 1NH/ The following facts were observed: Partial acid hydrolysis of the octapeptide yielded a dipeptide of the structure Chymolrypsin treatment of the octapeplide yielded two tetrapeptides, each containing an alanine residue. Trypsin treatment of one of the tetrapeptides yielded two dipeptides. Cyanogen bromide treatment of another sample of the same tetrapeplide yielded a tripeplideand free Tyr. N-lerminal analysis of the other tetrapeptide gave Asn. What is the amino acid sequence of this oclapeplide?arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Phosphorylation of Proteins Introduces New Properties Phosphoproteins are formed when a phosphate group is esterified to an —OH group df a Ser, Thr, or Tyr side chain. At typical cellular pH values, this phosphate group bears two negative charges (— OPO32:_). Compare this side-chain modification to the 2U side chains of the Common amino acids found in proteins and comment on the novel properties that it introduces into side-chain possibilities.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Use examples from the ActiveModel for Human GaleLtin-1 to describe the hydrophobic effect.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Solving the Sequence of an Oligopeptide From Sequence Analysis Data Amino acid analysis of ail oligopeptide seven residues long gave The following fads were observed: a. Trypsin treatment had no apparent effect. b. The phenylthiohydantoin released by Lid mini degradation was c. Brief chymotrypsin treatment yielded several products, including a dipeptide and a tetrapeptide. The amino acid composition of the tetrapeptide was Leu, Lyi. and Met. d. Cyanogen bromide treatment yielded a dipeptide, a tetrapeptide, and free Lys. What is the amino acid sequence of this heptapeptide?arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Quantitative Relationships Between Rale Constants to Calculate Km, Kinetic Efficiency (kcat/Km) and Vmax - II Triose phosphate isomerase catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to dihydroxy-acetone phosphate. Glyceraldehyde3PdihydroxyacetonePThe Km of this enzyme tor its substrate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is 1.8 10-5 M. When [glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate] = 30 M, the rate of the reaction, v, was 82.5 mol mL-1 sec-1. a. What is Vmax for this enzyme? b. Assuming 3 nanomoles per mL of enzyme was used in this experiment ([Etotal]) = 3 nanomol/mL), what is kcat for this enzyme? c. What is the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for triose phosphate isomerase? d. Does the value of kcat/Km reveal whether triose phosphate isomerase approaches catalytic perfection? e. What determines the ultimate speed limit of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? That is, what is it that imposes the physical limit on kinetic perfection?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Graphing the Results from Kinetics Experiments with Enzyme Inhibitors The following kinetic data were obtained for an enzyme in the absence of any inhibitor (1), and in the presence of two different inhibitors (2) and (3) at 5 mM concentration. Assume [ET] is the same in each experiment. Graph these data as Lineweaver-Burk plots and use your graph to find answers to a. and b. a. Determine Vmax and Km for the enzyme. b. Determine the type of inhibition and the K1 for each inhibitor.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end οΓthis book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual. Study Guide, and Problems Book. Enzymes and Y in the figure are both protein-digesting enzymes found in humans. Where would they most likely be at work? X is found in the mouth, Y in the small intestine. X in the small intestine. Y in the mouth. X in the stomach. Y in the small intestine. X in the small intestine. Y in the stomach.arrow_forward
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