Chapter 16, Problem 16.21EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.21EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given name of carboxylic acid is 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid.

From the name it is identified that the parent carbon chain is butane and the substituent present in the chain are two methyl groups on second carbon atom.  The first carbon atom is from the carboxyl group.  The structure can be drawn as,

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn as shown above.

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.21EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given name of carboxylic acid is 2,2-dimethylbutanedioic acid.

From the name it is identified that the parent carbon chain is butane and the substituent present in the chain are two methyl groups on second carbon atom.  In the given name suffix “-dioic acid” is present.  Therefore, this compound should have two carboxyl groups in it.  The first carbon atom and fourth carbon is from the two carboxyl groups.  The structure can be drawn as,

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn as shown above.

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.21EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given name of carboxylic acid is 2,2-dimethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid.

From the name it is identified that the parent carbon chain is cyclohexane and the substituent present in the chain are two methyl groups on second carbon atom.  In the given name suffix “-carboxylic acid” is present.  Therefore, this compound should have a carboxyl group attached to the cyclohexane ring.  The carbon atom in the ring where the carboxyl group is attached is the first carbon atom.  The structure can be drawn as,

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn as shown above.

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.21EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given name of carboxylic acid is 2,4-dichlorobenzenecarboxylic acid.

From the name it is identified that the parent carbon chain is benzene and the substituent present in the chain are two chlorine atoms, each on second carbon atom and fourth carbon atom.  In the given name suffix “-carboxylic acid” is present.  Therefore, this compound should have a carboxyl group attached to the benzene ring.  The carbon atom in the ring where the carboxyl group is attached is the first carbon atom.  The structure can be drawn as,

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn as shown above.

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.