Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 16.40P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
If the Librium and Valium are is chiral or achiral should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Benzodiazepines are the compounds who derivatives are used as tranquilizers. Tranquilizers are the drugs that are used to relieve anxiety and tension. Valium and Librium are the most widely used tranquilizers.
When a carbon bonds with four different atoms or a group of atoms. It is called a chiral carbon. If two or more groups bonded to the carbon atom are the same, then it is considered achiral.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 16.1 - Problem 16-1 How many hydrogen atoms does...Ch. 16.2 - Problem 16-2 Write a structural formula for each...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.3PCh. 16.4 - Problem 16-4 Select the stronger base from each...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5PCh. 16 - 16-6 Answer true or false. te/7-Butylamine is a 3°...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.7PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.8PCh. 16 - 16-9 In what way are pyridine and pyrimidine...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.10P
Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.11PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.12PCh. 16 - 16-13 Classify each amino group as primary,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.14PCh. 16 - 16-15 There are eight primary amines with the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.16PCh. 16 - 16-17 Propylamine (bp 48°C), ethylmethylamine (bp...Ch. 16 - 16-18 Account for the fact that 1-butanamine (bp...Ch. 16 - 16-19 2-Me thy 1 propane (bp -12°C), 2-propanol...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.20PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.21PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.22PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.23PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.24PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.25PCh. 16 - 16-26 The p/fb of amphetamine is approximately 3.2...Ch. 16 - 16-27 Guanidine, p/Ca 13.6, is a very strong base,...Ch. 16 - 16-28 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.29PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.30PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.31PCh. 16 - 16*32 Many tumors of the breast are correlated...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.33PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.34PCh. 16 - 16-35 (Chemical Connections 16B ) What is an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.36PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.37PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.38PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.39PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.40PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.41PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.42PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.43PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.44PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.45PCh. 16 - 16-46 Arrange these three compounds in order of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.47PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.48PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.49PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.50PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.51PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.52PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.53PCh. 16 - 16-54 Several poisonous plants, including Atropa...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.55PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.56PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.57PCh. 16 - 16-58 Following is a structural formula of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.59P
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17-74 Glucose, C6H12O6, contains an aldehyde group but exists predominantly in the form of the cyclic hemiacetal shown here. We will discuss this cyclic form of glucose in Chapter 20. A cyclic hemiacetal is formed when the —OH group of one carbon bonds to the carbonyl group of another carbon. (a) Which carbon in glucose provides the —OH group and which provides the —CHO group? (b) Draw the alternative chair confirmations of D-glucose and state which of the two is the more stable.
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15-30 (Chemical Connections 15A) What does it mean to say that a drug is chiral? If a drug is chiral, will it be optically active? That is, will it rotate the plane of polarized light?
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15-8 What does the term “chiral” mean? Give an example of a chiral molecule.
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18-41 Complete these examples of Fischer esterification. In each case, assume an excess of the alcohol.
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15-11 In what way are constitutional isomers different from stereoisomers? In what way are they the same?
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17-15 Draw structural formulas for the four aldehydes with the molecular formula C5H10O. Which of these aldehydes are chiral?
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17-12 Is it possible for the carbon atom of a carbonyl group to be a stereocenter? Explain.
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18-6 Name and draw structural formulas for the four carboxylic acids with the molecular formula C5H10O2. Which of these carboxylic acids are chiral?
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16-54 Several poisonous plants, including Atropa belladonna, contain the alkaloid atropine. The name “belladonna” (which means “beautiful lady”) probably comes from the fact that Roman women used extracts from this plant to make themselves more attractive. Atropine is widely used by ophthal mologists and optometrists to dilate the pupils for eye examination. Classify the amino group in atropine as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Locate all stereocenters in atropine. Account for the fact that atropine is almost insoluble in water (1 g in 455 mL of cold water) but atropine hydrogen sulfate is very soluble (1 g in 5 mL of cold water). Account for the fact that a dilute aqueous solution of atropine is basic (pH approximately 10.0).
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