Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

Answer to Problem 16.8EP

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$ bond is polar.

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid is,

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is not a carbon atom.  It is an oxygen atom.  As there is a polarity difference between carbon and oxygen atom, the bond between carbon and oxygen will be polar.  This can be shown as given below,

Conclusion

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond is polar or not is indicated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

Answer to Problem 16.8EP

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$ bond is nonpolar.

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is a hydrogen atom.  Hydrogen atom is not a heteroatom and hence the bond between carbonyl carbon atom and hydrogen atom is said to be nonpolar.  This can be shown as given below,

Conclusion

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond is polar or not is indicated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

Answer to Problem 16.8EP

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$ bond is polar.

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is a chlorine atom.  As there is a polarity difference between carbon and chlorien atom, the bond between carbon and chlorine will be polar.  This can be shown as given below,

Conclusion

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond is polar or not is indicated.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

Answer to Problem 16.8EP

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$ bond is polar.

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is an oxygen atom.  As there is a polarity difference between carbon and oxygen atom, the bond between carbon and oxygen will be polar.  This can be shown as given below,

Conclusion

The “$\text{C}-\text{Z}$” bond is polar or not is indicated.