EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+CONNECT.
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+CONNECT.
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134536231
Author: Taylor
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 1CC

Explain how each of the following characteristics contributes to the success of prokaryotes: cell wall, capsule, flagella, fimbriae, endospores.

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Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Each of the following characteristics contributes to the success of prokaryotes: cell wall, capsule, flagella, fimbriae, endospores.

Introduction:

The external features of prokaryotes are the evidence of the diversity in prokaryotes. The features are important in identifying prokaryotes as well as helping the organisms to survive in their environment.

Explanation of Solution

The characteristics that contribute to the success of prokaryotes are as follow:

  • Cell wall: A cell wall is present in all prokaryotes. This feature of prokaryotes enables them to live in wide range of environment. A physical environment and prevention of cell from brusting is provided by the cell wall. The cell walls are of two types: gram- positive and gram negative. The gram stains are used to identify the type of bacteria. The antibiotics are given according to the type of bacteria. The peptidoglycan layer is present in gram positive bacteria and is absent in gram-negative bacteria.
  • Capsule: A capsule in prokaryotes is a sheath like structure which provides the flexibility to the cell. It is a gel like structure that helps in sticking on to surfaces or other members within the colony and also helps in protecting the organism from attacks from the immune system of the host.
  • Flagella and fimbriae: Flagella are a mobile structure which can easily move the cell in response to nutrients. The flagella present on the cell may be scattered all over the cell or may be present only at the ends. Fimbriae are the hair-like projections present on the surface. The fimbriae on certain bacteria may attach to the sperm cell during sexual intercourse to facilitate travel into other tissues.
  • Endospores: These are the types of resident cells which are not killed even in boiling water. Some food canning industries can kill Clostridium botulinum which is a source of potential fatal disease called botulism.

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