According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, lebel each of the following as an acid of a base (a) HNO 2 , (b) OCl - , (C) NH 2 − (d) NH 4 − ; (e) CH 2 NH 2 -
According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, lebel each of the following as an acid of a base (a)
HNO
2
, (b)
OCl
-
, (C)
NH
2
−
(d)
NH
4
−
; (e)
CH
2
NH
2
-
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether HNO2 is an acid or base according to the Bronsted and Lowry should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Bronsted and Lowry state that an acid is the species which donates proton and base is the substance that accepts.
Species that vary from one another by one proton only are considered as an acid-base pair.
The acceptance of proton by the base results in the formation of conjugate acids whereas the loss of proton by the acids results in the formation of conjugate bases.
Answer to Problem 1E
According to Bronsted and Lowry HNO2 is labeled as an acid.
Explanation of Solution
Nitrous acid HNO2 is the parent acid. The nitrous acid HNO2 loses one proton and it will form the conjugate base NO2−. The equation for the dissociation HNO2 is as follows:
Therefore, HNO2 is labeled as an acid because it donates a proton to water.
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether OCl− is an acid or base according to the Bronsted and Lowry should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Bronsted and Lowry state that an acid is the species which donates proton and base is the substance that accepts.
Species that vary from one another by one proton only are considered as an acid-base pair.
The acceptance of proton by the base results in the formation of conjugate acids whereas the loss of proton by the acids results in the formation of conjugate bases.
Answer to Problem 1E
According to Bronsted and Lowry HOCl is labeled as an acid.
Explanation of Solution
Hypochlorous acid HOCl is the parent acid. The hypochlorous acid HOCl loses one proton and it will form the conjugate base OCl−. The equation for the dissociation HOCl is as follows:
Therefore, HOCl is labeled as an acid because it donates a proton to water.
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether NH2− is an acid or base according to the Bronsted and Lowry should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Bronsted and Lowry state that an acid is the species which donates proton and base is the substance that accepts.
Species that vary from one another by one proton only are considered as an acid-base pair.
The acceptance of proton by the base results in the formation of conjugate acids whereas the loss of proton by the acids results in the formation of conjugate bases.
Answer to Problem 1E
According to Bronsted and Lowry NH2− is labeled as a base.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction of NH2− and water is as follows:
NH2−Base + H2Oacid→NH3Conjugate acid+OH−Conjugate base
In the above reaction NH2− accepts a proton from water and thus NH2− is labeled as a base.
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether NH4+ is an acid or base according to the Bronsted and Lowry should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Bronsted and Lowry state that an acid is the species which donates proton and base is the substance that accepts.
Species that vary from one another by one proton only are considered as an acid-base pair.
The acceptance of proton by the base results in the formation of conjugate acids whereas the loss of proton by the acids results in the formation of conjugate bases.
Answer to Problem 1E
According to Bronsted and Lowry NH4+ is labeled as an acid.
In the above reaction, NH4+ donates a proton to the water molecule and thus NH4+ is labeled as a base. Ammonia (NH3) is its conjugate base.
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
(e)
Interpretation:
Whether CH3NH3+ is an acid or base according to the Bronsted and Lowry should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Bronsted and Lowry state that an acid is the species which donates proton and base is the substance that accepts.
Species that vary from one another by one proton only are considered as an acid-base pair.
The acceptance of proton by the base results in the formation of conjugate acids whereas the loss of proton by the acids results in the formation of conjugate bases.
Answer to Problem 1E
According to Bronsted and Lowry CH3NH3+ is labeled as an acid.
In the above reaction CH3NH3+ donates a proton to the water molecule and thus CH3NH3+ is labeled as a base. Methylamine (CH3NH2) is its conjugate base.
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