Hershey and Chase devised an experiment using radioactive isotopes to determine whether it was a phage’s DNA or protein that entered the bacteria and served as the genetic material of T2 phage. a. How did they label phage protein? b. How did they label phage DNA? After infecting separate samples of E . coli with the differently labeled T2 cells, they blended and centrifuged the samples to isolate the bacterial cells from the lighter viral particles. c. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage protein? d. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage DNA? e. What did Hershey and Chase conclude from these results?

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 16, Problem 1IQ

Hershey and Chase devised an experiment using radioactive isotopes to determine whether it was a phage’s DNA or protein that entered the bacteria and served as the genetic material of T2 phage.

a. How did they label phage protein?
b. How did they label phage DNA?

After infecting separate samples of E. coli with the differently labeled T2 cells, they blended and centrifuged the samples to isolate the bacterial cells from the lighter viral particles.

c. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage protein?
d. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage DNA?
e. What did Hershey and Chase conclude from these results?

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage protein.

Introduction: DNA is the organic molecule that carries information from one generation to another. Several experiments are to be conducted to prove that DNA is the genetic material. One such experiment is the Hershey–Chase experiment, which is commonly known as the blender experiment.

Explanation of Solution

In the year 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed a series of experiment to confirm if DNA was the genetic material inherited by the offspring from parents. DNA and protein are important macromolecules that can carry genetic information. Hershey–Chase took T2 phage in the experiment because it contained a single DNA surrounded by a protein coat. They labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage protein with the radioactive sulfur (S³⁵). Radioactive sulfur tags only proteins, as protein contains sulfur.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that transfers genetic information from parents to offspring. The structure of DNA is made of nucleotides, sugar, and phosphates appearing as a double-helical polymer.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage DNA with radioactive phosphorus (P³²). Radioactive phosphorus tags only the DNA part, as DNA’s backbone has the phosphorus group.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage protein.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are a group of viruses that infect bacteria and replicate inside the bacteria. T2 phage is called as Enterobacteria phage T2. It infects Escherichia coli.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. One was labeled with the radioactive sulfur, and the other with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed these two batches of radioactive-labeled bacteriophage to infect the non-radioactive bacterial cell separately in the test tube.

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The supernatant (liquid) showed the presence of radioactive sulfur. This means that the protein part of bacteriophage was left behind, as it did not enter the bacterial cell.

d.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid carries hereditary information from one generation to another. After several experiments, scientists have found evidence which claims that DNA is the hereditary material that passes on the genetic information from one generation to the next.

Explanation of Solution

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The pellet showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus and the DNA of the bacteriophage was responsible for the infection of bacteria, as it entered into the bacterial cell.

e.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: What did Hershey and Chase concluded from these results.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect the bacteria and take up their translation machinery for their life cycle. This property was exploited to prove that DNA is a genetic material along with the help of radioactive isotopes.

Explanation of Solution

The bacterial cells that were infected by the bacteriophages consisting radioactive phosphorus showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus. This means that during infection of the bacterial cell, DNA is the part of bacteriophage that got transferred to the bacterial cell and not protein. Thus, they concluded that DNA is the genetic material which is passed on from one generation to the next generation, not the protein.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Imagine that you are a student in Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s lab in the late 1940s. You are given five test tubes containing E. Coli bacteria infected with T2 bacteriophages that have been labeled with either 32P or 35S. Unfortunately, you forget to mark the tubes and are now uncertain about which tubes is which. You performed their blender experiment and got the following results. Which tube out of these 5 contains E. Coli infected with 32P-labeled phage? Explain your answer.

Imagine that you are a student in Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s lab in the late 1940s. You are given five test tubes containing E. coli bacteria infected with T2 bacteriophages that have been labeled with either 32P or 35S. Unfortunately, you forget to mark the tubes and are now uncertain about which were labeled with 32P and which with 35S. You place the contents of each tube in a blender and turn it on for a few seconds to shear off the phage protein coats. You then centrifuge the contents to separate the protein coats and the cells. You check for the presence of radioactivity and obtain the following results. Which tubes contained E. coli infected with 32P-labeled phage? Explain your answer. Tube number Radioactivity present in 1 Cells 2 Protein coats 3 Protein coats 4 Cells 5 Cells

Imagine that you are a student in Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s lab in the late 1940s. You are given five test tubes containing E. coli bacteria infected with T2 bacteriophages that have been labeled with either 32P or 35S. Unfortunately, you forget to mark the tubes and are now uncertain about which were labeled with 32P and which with 35S. You place the contents of each tube in a blender and turn it on for a few seconds to shear off the phage protein coats. You then centrifuge the contents to separate the protein coats and the cells. You check for thepresence of radioactivity and obtain the following results. Which tubes contained E. coli infected with 32P-labeled phage? Explain your answer.

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 16, Problem 1IQ

Hershey and Chase devised an experiment using radioactive isotopes to determine whether it was a phage’s DNA or protein that entered the bacteria and served as the genetic material of T2 phage.

a. How did they label phage protein?
b. How did they label phage DNA?

After infecting separate samples of E. coli with the differently labeled T2 cells, they blended and centrifuged the samples to isolate the bacterial cells from the lighter viral particles.

c. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage protein?
d. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage DNA?
e. What did Hershey and Chase conclude from these results?

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage protein.

Introduction: DNA is the organic molecule that carries information from one generation to another. Several experiments are to be conducted to prove that DNA is the genetic material. One such experiment is the Hershey–Chase experiment, which is commonly known as the blender experiment.

Explanation of Solution

In the year 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed a series of experiment to confirm if DNA was the genetic material inherited by the offspring from parents. DNA and protein are important macromolecules that can carry genetic information. Hershey–Chase took T2 phage in the experiment because it contained a single DNA surrounded by a protein coat. They labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage protein with the radioactive sulfur (S³⁵). Radioactive sulfur tags only proteins, as protein contains sulfur.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that transfers genetic information from parents to offspring. The structure of DNA is made of nucleotides, sugar, and phosphates appearing as a double-helical polymer.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage DNA with radioactive phosphorus (P³²). Radioactive phosphorus tags only the DNA part, as DNA’s backbone has the phosphorus group.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage protein.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are a group of viruses that infect bacteria and replicate inside the bacteria. T2 phage is called as Enterobacteria phage T2. It infects Escherichia coli.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. One was labeled with the radioactive sulfur, and the other with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed these two batches of radioactive-labeled bacteriophage to infect the non-radioactive bacterial cell separately in the test tube.

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The supernatant (liquid) showed the presence of radioactive sulfur. This means that the protein part of bacteriophage was left behind, as it did not enter the bacterial cell.

d.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid carries hereditary information from one generation to another. After several experiments, scientists have found evidence which claims that DNA is the hereditary material that passes on the genetic information from one generation to the next.

Explanation of Solution

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The pellet showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus and the DNA of the bacteriophage was responsible for the infection of bacteria, as it entered into the bacterial cell.

e.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: What did Hershey and Chase concluded from these results.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect the bacteria and take up their translation machinery for their life cycle. This property was exploited to prove that DNA is a genetic material along with the help of radioactive isotopes.

Explanation of Solution

The bacterial cells that were infected by the bacteriophages consisting radioactive phosphorus showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus. This means that during infection of the bacterial cell, DNA is the part of bacteriophage that got transferred to the bacterial cell and not protein. Thus, they concluded that DNA is the genetic material which is passed on from one generation to the next generation, not the protein.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 16, Problem 1IQ

Hershey and Chase devised an experiment using radioactive isotopes to determine whether it was a phage’s DNA or protein that entered the bacteria and served as the genetic material of T2 phage.

a. How did they label phage protein?
b. How did they label phage DNA?

After infecting separate samples of E. coli with the differently labeled T2 cells, they blended and centrifuged the samples to isolate the bacterial cells from the lighter viral particles.

c. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage protein?
d. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage DNA?
e. What did Hershey and Chase conclude from these results?

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage protein.

Introduction: DNA is the organic molecule that carries information from one generation to another. Several experiments are to be conducted to prove that DNA is the genetic material. One such experiment is the Hershey–Chase experiment, which is commonly known as the blender experiment.

Explanation of Solution

In the year 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed a series of experiment to confirm if DNA was the genetic material inherited by the offspring from parents. DNA and protein are important macromolecules that can carry genetic information. Hershey–Chase took T2 phage in the experiment because it contained a single DNA surrounded by a protein coat. They labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage protein with the radioactive sulfur (S³⁵). Radioactive sulfur tags only proteins, as protein contains sulfur.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that transfers genetic information from parents to offspring. The structure of DNA is made of nucleotides, sugar, and phosphates appearing as a double-helical polymer.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage DNA with radioactive phosphorus (P³²). Radioactive phosphorus tags only the DNA part, as DNA’s backbone has the phosphorus group.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage protein.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are a group of viruses that infect bacteria and replicate inside the bacteria. T2 phage is called as Enterobacteria phage T2. It infects Escherichia coli.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. One was labeled with the radioactive sulfur, and the other with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed these two batches of radioactive-labeled bacteriophage to infect the non-radioactive bacterial cell separately in the test tube.

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The supernatant (liquid) showed the presence of radioactive sulfur. This means that the protein part of bacteriophage was left behind, as it did not enter the bacterial cell.

d.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid carries hereditary information from one generation to another. After several experiments, scientists have found evidence which claims that DNA is the hereditary material that passes on the genetic information from one generation to the next.

Explanation of Solution

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The pellet showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus and the DNA of the bacteriophage was responsible for the infection of bacteria, as it entered into the bacterial cell.

e.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: What did Hershey and Chase concluded from these results.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect the bacteria and take up their translation machinery for their life cycle. This property was exploited to prove that DNA is a genetic material along with the help of radioactive isotopes.

Explanation of Solution

The bacterial cells that were infected by the bacteriophages consisting radioactive phosphorus showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus. This means that during infection of the bacterial cell, DNA is the part of bacteriophage that got transferred to the bacterial cell and not protein. Thus, they concluded that DNA is the genetic material which is passed on from one generation to the next generation, not the protein.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 16, Problem 1IQ

Hershey and Chase devised an experiment using radioactive isotopes to determine whether it was a phage’s DNA or protein that entered the bacteria and served as the genetic material of T2 phage.

a. How did they label phage protein?
b. How did they label phage DNA?

After infecting separate samples of E. coli with the differently labeled T2 cells, they blended and centrifuged the samples to isolate the bacterial cells from the lighter viral particles.

c. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage protein?
d. Where was the radioactivity found in the samples with labeled phage DNA?
e. What did Hershey and Chase conclude from these results?

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage protein.

Introduction: DNA is the organic molecule that carries information from one generation to another. Several experiments are to be conducted to prove that DNA is the genetic material. One such experiment is the Hershey–Chase experiment, which is commonly known as the blender experiment.

Explanation of Solution

In the year 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed a series of experiment to confirm if DNA was the genetic material inherited by the offspring from parents. DNA and protein are important macromolecules that can carry genetic information. Hershey–Chase took T2 phage in the experiment because it contained a single DNA surrounded by a protein coat. They labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage protein with the radioactive sulfur (S³⁵). Radioactive sulfur tags only proteins, as protein contains sulfur.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that transfers genetic information from parents to offspring. The structure of DNA is made of nucleotides, sugar, and phosphates appearing as a double-helical polymer.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage DNA with radioactive phosphorus (P³²). Radioactive phosphorus tags only the DNA part, as DNA’s backbone has the phosphorus group.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage protein.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are a group of viruses that infect bacteria and replicate inside the bacteria. T2 phage is called as Enterobacteria phage T2. It infects Escherichia coli.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. One was labeled with the radioactive sulfur, and the other with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed these two batches of radioactive-labeled bacteriophage to infect the non-radioactive bacterial cell separately in the test tube.

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The supernatant (liquid) showed the presence of radioactive sulfur. This means that the protein part of bacteriophage was left behind, as it did not enter the bacterial cell.

d.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid carries hereditary information from one generation to another. After several experiments, scientists have found evidence which claims that DNA is the hereditary material that passes on the genetic information from one generation to the next.

Explanation of Solution

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The pellet showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus and the DNA of the bacteriophage was responsible for the infection of bacteria, as it entered into the bacterial cell.

e.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: What did Hershey and Chase concluded from these results.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect the bacteria and take up their translation machinery for their life cycle. This property was exploited to prove that DNA is a genetic material along with the help of radioactive isotopes.

Explanation of Solution

The bacterial cells that were infected by the bacteriophages consisting radioactive phosphorus showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus. This means that during infection of the bacterial cell, DNA is the part of bacteriophage that got transferred to the bacterial cell and not protein. Thus, they concluded that DNA is the genetic material which is passed on from one generation to the next generation, not the protein.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage protein.

Introduction: DNA is the organic molecule that carries information from one generation to another. Several experiments are to be conducted to prove that DNA is the genetic material. One such experiment is the Hershey–Chase experiment, which is commonly known as the blender experiment.

Explanation of Solution

In the year 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed a series of experiment to confirm if DNA was the genetic material inherited by the offspring from parents. DNA and protein are important macromolecules that can carry genetic information. Hershey–Chase took T2 phage in the experiment because it contained a single DNA surrounded by a protein coat. They labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage protein with the radioactive sulfur (S³⁵). Radioactive sulfur tags only proteins, as protein contains sulfur.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that transfers genetic information from parents to offspring. The structure of DNA is made of nucleotides, sugar, and phosphates appearing as a double-helical polymer.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage DNA with radioactive phosphorus (P³²). Radioactive phosphorus tags only the DNA part, as DNA’s backbone has the phosphorus group.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage protein.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are a group of viruses that infect bacteria and replicate inside the bacteria. T2 phage is called as Enterobacteria phage T2. It infects Escherichia coli.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. One was labeled with the radioactive sulfur, and the other with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed these two batches of radioactive-labeled bacteriophage to infect the non-radioactive bacterial cell separately in the test tube.

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The supernatant (liquid) showed the presence of radioactive sulfur. This means that the protein part of bacteriophage was left behind, as it did not enter the bacterial cell.

d.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid carries hereditary information from one generation to another. After several experiments, scientists have found evidence which claims that DNA is the hereditary material that passes on the genetic information from one generation to the next.

Explanation of Solution

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The pellet showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus and the DNA of the bacteriophage was responsible for the infection of bacteria, as it entered into the bacterial cell.

e.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: What did Hershey and Chase concluded from these results.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect the bacteria and take up their translation machinery for their life cycle. This property was exploited to prove that DNA is a genetic material along with the help of radioactive isotopes.

Explanation of Solution

The bacterial cells that were infected by the bacteriophages consisting radioactive phosphorus showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus. This means that during infection of the bacterial cell, DNA is the part of bacteriophage that got transferred to the bacterial cell and not protein. Thus, they concluded that DNA is the genetic material which is passed on from one generation to the next generation, not the protein.

Answer 8

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage protein.

Introduction: DNA is the organic molecule that carries information from one generation to another. Several experiments are to be conducted to prove that DNA is the genetic material. One such experiment is the Hershey–Chase experiment, which is commonly known as the blender experiment.

Explanation of Solution

In the year 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed a series of experiment to confirm if DNA was the genetic material inherited by the offspring from parents. DNA and protein are important macromolecules that can carry genetic information. Hershey–Chase took T2 phage in the experiment because it contained a single DNA surrounded by a protein coat. They labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage protein with the radioactive sulfur (S³⁵). Radioactive sulfur tags only proteins, as protein contains sulfur.

Answer 9

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage protein.

Introduction: DNA is the organic molecule that carries information from one generation to another. Several experiments are to be conducted to prove that DNA is the genetic material. One such experiment is the Hershey–Chase experiment, which is commonly known as the blender experiment.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

In the year 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed a series of experiment to confirm if DNA was the genetic material inherited by the offspring from parents. DNA and protein are important macromolecules that can carry genetic information. Hershey–Chase took T2 phage in the experiment because it contained a single DNA surrounded by a protein coat. They labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage protein with the radioactive sulfur (S³⁵). Radioactive sulfur tags only proteins, as protein contains sulfur.

Answer 14

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that transfers genetic information from parents to offspring. The structure of DNA is made of nucleotides, sugar, and phosphates appearing as a double-helical polymer.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage DNA with radioactive phosphorus (P³²). Radioactive phosphorus tags only the DNA part, as DNA’s backbone has the phosphorus group.

Answer 15

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 16

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Summary Introduction

To determine: In what manner Hershey and Chase labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that transfers genetic information from parents to offspring. The structure of DNA is made of nucleotides, sugar, and phosphates appearing as a double-helical polymer.

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. They labeled phage DNA with radioactive phosphorus (P³²). Radioactive phosphorus tags only the DNA part, as DNA’s backbone has the phosphorus group.

Answer 20

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage protein.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are a group of viruses that infect bacteria and replicate inside the bacteria. T2 phage is called as Enterobacteria phage T2. It infects Escherichia coli.

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. One was labeled with the radioactive sulfur, and the other with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed these two batches of radioactive-labeled bacteriophage to infect the non-radioactive bacterial cell separately in the test tube.

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The supernatant (liquid) showed the presence of radioactive sulfur. This means that the protein part of bacteriophage was left behind, as it did not enter the bacterial cell.

Answer 21

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 22

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage protein.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are a group of viruses that infect bacteria and replicate inside the bacteria. T2 phage is called as Enterobacteria phage T2. It infects Escherichia coli.

Answer 25

Explanation of Solution

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two bacteriophages with different radioactive substances. One was labeled with the radioactive sulfur, and the other with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed these two batches of radioactive-labeled bacteriophage to infect the non-radioactive bacterial cell separately in the test tube.

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The supernatant (liquid) showed the presence of radioactive sulfur. This means that the protein part of bacteriophage was left behind, as it did not enter the bacterial cell.

Answer 26

d.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid carries hereditary information from one generation to another. After several experiments, scientists have found evidence which claims that DNA is the hereditary material that passes on the genetic information from one generation to the next.

Explanation of Solution

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The pellet showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus and the DNA of the bacteriophage was responsible for the infection of bacteria, as it entered into the bacterial cell.

Answer 27

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 28

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer 30

Summary Introduction

To determine: Where the radioactivity was found in the samples with labeled phage DNA.

Introduction: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid carries hereditary information from one generation to another. After several experiments, scientists have found evidence which claims that DNA is the hereditary material that passes on the genetic information from one generation to the next.

Answer 31

Explanation of Solution

After centrifugation, the culture got separated into a pellet and a supernatant form. The pellet showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus and the DNA of the bacteriophage was responsible for the infection of bacteria, as it entered into the bacterial cell.

Answer 32

e.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To determine: What did Hershey and Chase concluded from these results.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect the bacteria and take up their translation machinery for their life cycle. This property was exploited to prove that DNA is a genetic material along with the help of radioactive isotopes.

Explanation of Solution

The bacterial cells that were infected by the bacteriophages consisting radioactive phosphorus showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus. This means that during infection of the bacterial cell, DNA is the part of bacteriophage that got transferred to the bacterial cell and not protein. Thus, they concluded that DNA is the genetic material which is passed on from one generation to the next generation, not the protein.

Answer 33

e.

Expert Solution

Answer 34

e.

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Summary Introduction

To determine: What did Hershey and Chase concluded from these results.

Introduction: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect the bacteria and take up their translation machinery for their life cycle. This property was exploited to prove that DNA is a genetic material along with the help of radioactive isotopes.

Answer 37

Explanation of Solution

The bacterial cells that were infected by the bacteriophages consisting radioactive phosphorus showed the presence of radioactive phosphorus. This means that during infection of the bacterial cell, DNA is the part of bacteriophage that got transferred to the bacterial cell and not protein. Thus, they concluded that DNA is the genetic material which is passed on from one generation to the next generation, not the protein.