Spontaneous Processes
Which of the following processes are spontaneous?
(a) building a sand castle
(b) outlining your chemistry notes
(c) wind scattering leaves in a pile
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether building a sand castle is spontaneous process or not should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The process which has natural tendency to take place, no external input is required is known as spontaneous process. It is also defined as the process which takes place own its own.
The process in which external input is required continuously is known as non-spontaneous process.
Answer to Problem 1QAP
Non-spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
The given process is building a sand castle.
In order to build a sand castle, continuous external source or intervention from outside is needed that is in the form of man power. Thus, the process is non-spontaneous.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether outlining your chemistry notes is spontaneous process or not should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The process which has natural tendency to take place, no external input is required is known as spontaneous process. It is also defined as the process which takes place own its own.
The process in which external input is required continuously is known as non-spontaneous process.
Answer to Problem 1QAP
Non-spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
The given process is outlining your chemistry notes.
In order to outline the chemistry notes, external input is needed as notes can’t be outlined on its own. Thus, the process is non-spontaneous.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether wind scattering leaves in pile is spontaneous process or not should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The process which has natural tendency to take place, no external input is required is known as spontaneous process. It is also defined as the process which takes place own its own.
The process in which external input is required continuously is known as non-spontaneous process.
Answer to Problem 1QAP
Spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
The given process is wind scattering leaves in pile.
Wind has ability to scatter the pile of leaves in every direction without any intervention from outside. Thus, the process is spontaneous.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
- Is the following reaction spontaneous as written? Explain. Do whatever calculation is needed to answer the question. SO2(g)+H2(g)H2S(g)+O2(g)arrow_forwardWhat is a spontaneous reaction?arrow_forwardConsider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.. 2HgO(s,red)2Hg(l)+O2(g) (a) Is the decomposition spontaneous under standard state conditions? (b) Above what temperature does the reaction become spontaneous?arrow_forward
- Under what conditions is N2O3(g)NO(g)+NO2(g) spontaneous?arrow_forwardOn the basis of your experience, predict which of the following reactions are spontaneous. (a) CO2(s)CO2(g) at 25C (b) NaCl(s)NaCl(l) at 25C (c) 2NaCl(s)2Na(s)+Cl2(g)(d) CO2(g)C(s)+O2(g)arrow_forwardOn the basis of your experience, predict which of the following reactions are spontaneous. (a) CO2(s)CO2(g) at 25°C (b) NaCl(s)NaCl(l) at 25°C (c) 2NaCl(s)2Na(s)+Cl2(g) (d) CO2(g)C(s)+O2(g)arrow_forward
- What is a spontaneous process? Give three examples of spontaneous processes. Give three examples of nonspontaneous processes.arrow_forwardIn Figure 16.8 all of the possible distributions and microstates are shown for four different particles shared between two boxes. Determine the entropy change, S, for the system when it is converted from distribution (b) to distribution (d).arrow_forwardDecide whether the following processes will be spontaneous, and why. The why can be general, not specific. a Ice melting at 5C b Ice melting at +5C c KBr(s) dissolving in water d An unplugged refrigerator getting cold e A leaf falling from a tree to the ground f The reaction Li(s)+12F2(g)LiF(s) g The reaction H2O(l)H2(g)+12O2(g)arrow_forward
- Calculate the standard entropy change for the reaction CO2(g)+2H2O(l)CH4(g)+2O2(g) . What does the sign of S say about the spontaneity of this reaction?arrow_forwardWhich of the following are spontaneous processes? a A cube of sugar dissolves in a cup of hot tea. b A rusty crowbar turns shiny. c Butane from a lighter burns in air. d A clock pendulum, initially stopped, begins swinging. e Hydrogen and oxygen gases bubble out from a glass of pure water.arrow_forwardIn a spontaneous process, S(universe) is (a) 0 (b) = 0 (c) 0arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax