Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 16, Problem 20RQ
A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP hydrolysis capability. How would this mutated form of elF-2 alter translation?
- Initiation factors would not be able to bind to mRNA
- The large ribosomal subunit would not be able to interact with itiRNA transcripts
- tRNAi-Met would not scan mRNA transcripts for the start codon
- elF-2 would not be able to interact with the small ribosomal subunit.
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A scientist mutates eIF-2 to eliminate its GTP hydrolysis capability. How would this mutated form of eIF-2 alter translation? a. Initiation factors would not be able to bind to mRNA. b. The large ribosomal subunit would not be able to interact with mRNA transcripts. c. tRNAi-Met would not scan mRNA transcripts for the start codon. d. eIF-2 would not be able to interact with the small ribosomal subunit.
Vaccina virus (used in the polio vaccine) produces an enzyme that takes the 5’ cap off of the mRNAs in the eukaryotic cells it infects. Besides allowing degradation of the host’s mRNA, what step in translation of the host’s mRNAs does this prevent?
Group of answer choices
Movement of tRNA from the A site to the P site
tRNA binding to the A site
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Ribosome small subunit from binding mRNA
Movement of the tRNA from the P site to the A site
RNAi is a mechanism for regulating gene expression. It utilizes small microRNAs (miRNAs) transcribed in the genome of a particular organism. miRNAs can do which of the following?
cause the degredation of mRNAs from particular genes
directly block the reading of mRNA codons by tRNA anticodons
alter the binding of tRNA to the ribosome
alter the binding of repressor protein to the operator of prokaryotic genes
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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- Given the following mRNA, write the double-stranded DNA segment that served as the template. Indicate both the 5 and the 3 ends of both DNA strands. Also write out the tRNA anticodons and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the mRNA message. DNA: mRNA: 5-CCGCAUGUUCAGUGGGCGUAAACACUGA-3 protein: tRNA:arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are typically removed from pre-mRNA during nuclear processing in eukaryotes? (a) upstream leader sequences (b) poly-A tail (c) introns (d) exons (e) all the precedingarrow_forwardEukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and seal together translatableexons. uses a spliceosome mechanism made of DNA to recognizeconsensus sequences to cut and splice. has a guanine cap on its 39 end and a poly(A) tail on its 59 end. is composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. codes the guanine cap and poly(A) tail from the DNAtemplate.arrow_forward
- The following segment of DNA codes for a protein. The uppercase letters represent exons. The lowercase letters represent introns. The lower strand is the template strand. Draw the primary transcript and the mRNA resulting from this DNA.arrow_forwardA scientist introduces a mutation that makes the 60S ribosomal subunit nonfunctional in a human cell line. What would be the predicted effect on translation? Translation stalls after the initiation AUG codon is identified The ribosome cannot catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between the tRNAs in the A and P sites The ribosome cannot interact with mRNAs tRNAs cannot exit the E site of the ribosome.arrow_forwardIn the gene-coding sequence shown here, which of the following events will produce a frameshift after the last mutational site? a. insertion of an A after the first codon b. deletion of the second codon (AAA) c. insertion of TA after the second codon and deletion of CG in the fourth codon d. deletion of AC in the third codonarrow_forward
- Portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are removed during RNA processing are . a. exons b. caps c. poly-A tails d. intronsarrow_forwardBelow is a template strand of DNA. Assume the transcription start site is outside of this sequence so that the whole sequence is transcribed. After the mRNA is made, what amino acid sequence would be translated from this sequence? Translation begins at the first start codon of the mRNA. DNA template strand: 5’ ...ACTGATGCCCATGGC... 3’ a)Met-Pro-Met b)Ala-Met-Gly-Ile-Ser c)Thr-Asp-Ala-His-Gly d)Met-Gly-Ile-Serarrow_forwardWhat happens when EF-Tu is mutated A. Be involved in transcription instead of translation B. Peptide bond formation is inhibited C. Incoming tRNA will not be able to enter through the A site D. Incoming tRNA will not be able to enter through the P sitearrow_forward
- During DNA replication a mutation occurs that reuskt in the following chnage in the corresponding mRNA sequence: UGG----> UGA. This mutation lies downstream of the start codon. Explain how this mutation would affect translation of polypeptide from this mRNA transcript.arrow_forwardThe ribosome is the target for many important antibiotics. Distinct antibiotics inhibit various steps in the translation process. Please specify which step of the translation (one short sentence is sufficient) each antibiotic below targets (ex: kasugamycin – inhibits formation of the initiation complex) a) chloramphenicol b) tetracycline c) erythromycin d) aminoglycosides such as kanamycinarrow_forwardDuring the initiation stage of translation in bacteria, which of the following events occur(s)? a. IF1 and IF3 bind to the 30S subunit. b. The mRNA binds to the 30S subunit and tRNAfMet binds to the start codon in the mRNA. c. IF2 hydrolyzes its GTP and is released; the 50S subunit binds to the 30S subunit. d. All of the above events occur.arrow_forward
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