. Write the conjugate base for each of the following.

a. H₃PO₃

b. HCO 3 −

c. HF

d. H₂SO₄

(a)

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid of the species should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The conjugate acid − base pair concept arises from the Bronsted −Lowry definition for acid and base.

According to Bronsted-Lowry model, acid is defined as a proton donor and base as a proton acceptor. On donating a proton, an acid forms conjugate base and on accepting a proton base forms a conjugate acid. Thus, in a conjugate acid-base pair, substances are in relation by accepting and donating a proton.

Conjugate base of a species could be obtained by writing the reaction of species releasing a proton ( H+ ) to the medium. The resulting components after an acid releases a proton ( H+ ) is its conjugate base and the (released) proton ( H+ ). This could be summarized to following equation;

A⇄B+H+ (Whereas A is the acid and B is the conjugate base)

H3PO4 is an acid

(b)

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid of the species should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The conjugate acid − base pair concept arises from the Bronsted −Lowry definition for acid and base.

According to Bronsted-Lowry model, acid is defined as a proton donor and base as a proton acceptor. On donating a proton, an acid forms conjugate base and on accepting a proton base forms a conjugate acid. Thus, in a conjugate acid-base pair, substances are in relation by accepting and donating a proton.

(c)

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid of the species should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The conjugate acid − base pair concept arises from the Bronsted −Lowry definition for acid and base.

According to Bronsted-Lowry model, acid is defined as a proton donor and base as a proton acceptor. On donating a proton, an acid forms conjugate base and on accepting a proton base forms a conjugate acid. Thus, in a conjugate acid-base pair, substances are in relation by accepting and donating a proton.

(d)

Interpretation:

The conjugate acid of the species should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The conjugate acid − base pair concept arises from the Bronsted −Lowry definition for acid and base.

According to Bronsted-Lowry model, acid is defined as a proton donor and base as a proton acceptor. On donating a proton, an acid forms conjugate base and on accepting a proton base forms a conjugate acid. Thus, in a conjugate acid-base pair, substances are in relation by accepting and donating a proton.