The sign of Δ S has to be predicted for the given reaction. Concept Introduction: Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules. Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and Δ S ° refers to change in entropy of the system. When Δ S ° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When Δ S ° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16.2, Problem 16.2P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the process of deposition of frost on a cold morning.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16.2, Problem 16.2P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the process of deposition of frost on a cold morning.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16.2, Problem 16.2P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the process of deposition of frost on a cold morning.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16.2, Problem 16.2P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the process of deposition of frost on a cold morning.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16.2, Problem 16.2P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the process of deposition of frost on a cold morning.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 6

Chapter 16.2, Problem 16.2P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 7

Chapter 16.2, Problem 16.2P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the process of deposition of frost on a cold morning.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ΔS has to be predicted for the process of deposition of frost on a cold morning.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS° refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS° value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS° value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the sign of Delta S has to be predicted for the given reaction. Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system.

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