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(a)
Interpretation:
In the given acid‑base equilibria, the structure of missing substance has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Substituted ammonium ion is the one in which one or more alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms. There are two important generalizations that is applied to the substituted ammonium ion and they are,
- Substituted ammonium ions are not neutral molecules. They are charged species.
- Nitrogen atom has four bonds in ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion. The species is positively charged as the fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.
(b)
Interpretation:
In the given acid‑base equilibria, the structure of missing substance has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Amines are a class of organic compounds. They are derivatives of ammonia. Similar to the nitrogen atom in ammonia, the amine nitrogen also has a lone pair of electrons on it. This means that amines can act as proton acceptors. When an amine is added to water a proton is transferred to the nitrogen atom. The resulting solution is a basic solution. This contains ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.
Substituted ammonium ion is the one in which one or more alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms. There are two important generalizations that is applied to the substituted ammonium ion and they are,
- Substituted ammonium ions are not neutral molecules. They are charged species.
- Nitrogen atom has four bonds in ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion. The species is positively charged as the fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.
(c)
Interpretation:
In the given acid‑base equilibria, the structure of missing substance has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Amines are a class of organic compounds. They are derivatives of ammonia. Similar to the nitrogen atom in ammonia, the amine nitrogen also has a lone pair of electrons on it. This means that amines can act as proton acceptors. When an amine is added to water a proton is transferred to the nitrogen atom. The resulting solution is a basic solution. This contains ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.
Substituted ammonium ion is the one in which one or more alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms. There are two important generalizations that is applied to the substituted ammonium ion and they are,
- Substituted ammonium ions are not neutral molecules. They are charged species.
- Nitrogen atom has four bonds in ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion. The species is positively charged as the fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.
(d)
Interpretation:
In the given acid‑base equilibria, the structure of missing substance has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Amines are a class of organic compounds. They are derivatives of ammonia. Similar to the nitrogen atom in ammonia, the amine nitrogen also has a lone pair of electrons on it. This means that amines can act as proton acceptors. When an amine is added to water a proton is transferred to the nitrogen atom. The resulting solution is a basic solution. This contains ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.
Substituted ammonium ion is the one in which one or more alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms. There are two important generalizations that is applied to the substituted ammonium ion and they are,
- Substituted ammonium ions are not neutral molecules. They are charged species.
- Nitrogen atom has four bonds in ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion. The species is positively charged as the fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Show the structures of the missing substance(s) in each of the following acid-base equilibria. a. CH3CH2NH2 + H2O ? + OH b. Diethylamine + H2Oarrow_forwardPicture 1 )Provide the functional group contained in each lettered compound: Choices:acid halidealcoholalcohol and ketoneamideanhydridecarboxylic acidesterketone Question 2 Indicate whether an acid–base reaction takes place under each of the conditions given. Choices yesno A: phenol + waterB: phenol + NaOH C: diethyl ether + NaOHD: ethanoic acid + NaHCO3E: ethanoic acid + NaOHF: Ethanoic acid + waterarrow_forwardstate whether the following statement is true or false. explain your answer. 1. pyridine is more basic than piperidine 2. pyridine is resonance stabilizedarrow_forward
- Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Aliphatic amines are more basic than ammonia, whereas aromatic amines are less basic than ammonia.RightFalsearrow_forwardAmide hydrolysis in basic conditions forms A. a carboxylic acid and an amine B. a carboxylate salt and an amine 3. an ester and an amine 4. a carboxylic acid and an amine saltarrow_forwardIf a quaternary ammonium ion can undergo an elimination reaction with a strong base, why can’t a protonated tertiary amine undergo the same reaction?arrow_forward
- 1. Give the order of basicity of alkaloids based on the R-groups attached to the amino functional group. Based on your knowledge in organic chemistry, explain the reason why one is more or less basic as compared to the other.arrow_forwardShow how to synthesize the following amines from the indicated starting materials below. Each of the final products may require several sequential steps. Draw the structure for each of the steps and show the reagents required. Starting material Final product b) Benzene m-bromoaniline c) ethylbenzene p-ethylaniline + o-ethylaniline d) benzene p-bromoaniline + o-bromoanilinearrow_forwardWhat products are formed when all of the amide and ester bonds are hydrolyzed in each of the following compounds? Tamiflu [part (a)] is the trade name of the antiviral agent oseltamivir, thought to be the most effective agent in treating influenza. Aspartame [part (b)] is the artificial sweetener used in Equal and many diet beverages. One of the products of this hydrolysis reaction is the amino acid phenylalanine. Infants afflicted with phenylketonuria cannot metabolize this amino acid, so it accumulates, causing mental retardation. When the affliction is identified early, a diet limiting the consumption of phenylalanine (and compounds like aspartame that are converted to it) can make a normal life possible.arrow_forward
- Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Aliphatic amines are more basic than ammonia, whereas aromatic amines are less basic than ammonia. When amines are reacted with bases, they form ammonium salts. Benzenesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonylchloride give N-substituted sulfonamides with primary and secondary amines. Derivative of primary amines is insoluble in dilute NaOHarrow_forwardChoose exactly 3 answers from the choices 1. Nitrogen-containing functional groups: AmidesThiolsAzo dyesAmines 2. Carbonyl-containing functional groups: AldehydesEthersKetonesCarboxylic acids 3. Structural components/groups present in Ethoxymethane: Methyl groupEthyl groupOxygenEster linkagearrow_forwardShow how to synthesize the following amines from the indicated starting materials below. Each of the final products may require several sequential steps. Draw the structure for each of the steps and show the reagents required. Starting material Final product h) 4-ethyl-3-methylhexan-1-ol 4-ethyl-3-methylhexan-1-amine i) 2-phenylacetyl chloride N-N-dimethyl-2-phenylethan-1-amine j) ethyl acetate N-ethylpropan-2-aminearrow_forward
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