Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Series)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305970663
Author: Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. Mowen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 17, Problem 32P
Paladin Company manufactures plain-paper fax machines in a small factory in Minnesota. Sales have increased by 50 percent in each of the past three years, as Paladin has expanded its market from the United States to Canada and Mexico. As a result, the Minnesota factory is at capacity. Beryl Adams, president of Paladin, has examined the situation and developed the following alternatives.
- 1. Add a permanent second shift at the plant. However, the semiskilled workers who assemble the fax machines are in short supply, and the wage rate of $15 per hour would probably have to be increased across the board to $18 per hour in order to attract sufficient workers from out of town. The total wage increase (including
fringe benefits ) would amount to $125,000. The heavier use of plant facilities would lead to increased plant maintenance and small tool cost. - 2. Open a new plant and locate it in Mexico. Wages (including fringe benefits) would average $3.50 per hour. Investment in plant and equipment would amount to $300,000.
- 3. Open a new plant and locate it in a foreign trade zone, possibly in Dallas. Wages would be somewhat lower than in Minnesota, but higher than in Mexico. The advantages of postponing tariff payments on parts imported from Asia could amount to $50,000 per year.
Required:
Advise Beryl of the advantages and disadvantages of each of her alternatives.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Series)
Ch. 17 - What is tactical decision making?Ch. 17 - Tactical decisions are often small-scale decisions...Ch. 17 - What is tactical cost analysis? What steps in the...Ch. 17 - What is a relevant cost? Explain why depreciation...Ch. 17 - Give an example of a future cost that is not...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7DQCh. 17 - Can direct materials ever be irrelevant in a...Ch. 17 - What role do past costs play in tactical cost...Ch. 17 - When will flexible resources be relevant to a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11DQ
Ch. 17 - Prob. 12DQCh. 17 - Prob. 13DQCh. 17 - Prob. 14DQCh. 17 - Why would a firm ever offer a price on a product...Ch. 17 - Each year, Basu Company produces 18,000 units of a...Ch. 17 - Reshier Company makes three types of rug...Ch. 17 - Sequoia Paper Products, Inc., manufactures boxed...Ch. 17 - Betram Chemicals Company processes a number of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5ECh. 17 - Elliott, Inc., has four salaried clerks to process...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7ECh. 17 - Feinan Sports, Inc., manufactures sporting...Ch. 17 - Wehner Company is currently manufacturing Part...Ch. 17 - Brees, Inc., a manufacturer of golf carts, has...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11ECh. 17 - Nutterco, Inc., produces two types of nut butter:...Ch. 17 - Carleigh, Inc., is a pork processor. Its plants,...Ch. 17 - Global Reach, Inc., is considering opening a new...Ch. 17 - Tony and Tina Roselli own and run TNTs Pizza...Ch. 17 - Jason Rogers works full-time for UPS and runs a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17ECh. 17 - A company is considering a special order for 1,000...Ch. 17 - Walloon Company produced 150 defective units last...Ch. 17 - Pasha Company produced 50 defective units last...Ch. 17 - Future costs that differ across alternatives are:...Ch. 17 - Thaler Company bought 26,000 of raw materials a...Ch. 17 - Norton Products, Inc., manufactures...Ch. 17 - Prob. 24PCh. 17 - Fiorello Company manufactures two types of...Ch. 17 - St. Johns Medical Center (SJMC) has five medical...Ch. 17 - Brandy Dees recently bought Nievo Enterprises, a...Ch. 17 - Apollonia Dental Services is part of an HMO that...Ch. 17 - Pharmaco Corporation buys three chemicals that are...Ch. 17 - KarlAuto Corporation manufactures automobiles,...Ch. 17 - Morrill Company produces two different types of...Ch. 17 - Paladin Company manufactures plain-paper fax...
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The terms of the special sales offer would require NoFat to bear the 1,000 cost of the inspection team. Assume for this question that NoFat rejected PUs special sales offer because the 2.20 price suggested by PU was too low. In response to the rejection, PU asked NoFat to determine the price at which it would be willing to accept the special sales offer. For its regular sales, NoFat sets prices by marking up variable costs by 10%. If Allyson decides to use NoFats 10% markup pricing method to set the price for PUs special sales offer, a. Calculate the price that NoFat would charge PU for each pound of olestra. b. Calculate the relevant profit that NoFat would earn if it set the special sales price by using its markup pricing method. (Hint: Use the estimate of relevant costs that you calculated in response to Requirement 1b.) c. Explain why NoFat should accept or reject the special sales offer if it uses its markup pricing method to set the special sales price.arrow_forwardNoFat manufactures one product, olestra, and sells it to large potato chip manufacturers as the key ingredient in nonfat snack foods, including Ruffles, Lays, Doritos, and Tostitos brand products. For each of the past 3 years, sales of olestra have been far less than the expected annual volume of 125,000 pounds. Therefore, the company has ended each year with significant unused capacity. Due to a short shelf life, NoFat must sell every pound of olestra that it produces each year. As a result, NoFats controller, Allyson Ashley, has decided to seek out potential special sales offers from other companies. One company, Patterson Union (PU)a toxic waste cleanup companyoffered to buy 10,000 pounds of olestra from NoFat during December for a price of 2.20 per pound. PU discovered through its research that olestra has proven to be very effective in cleaning up toxic waste locations designated as Superfund Sites by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Allyson was excited, noting that This is another way to use our expensive olestra plant! The annual costs incurred by NoFat to produce and sell 100,000 pounds of olestra are as follows: In addition, Allyson met with several of NoFats key production managers and discovered the following information: The special order could be produced without incurring any additional marketing or customer service costs. NoFat owns the aging plant facility that it uses to manufacture olestra. NoFat incurs costs to set up and clean its machines for each production run, or batch, of olestra that it produces. The total setup costs shown in the previous table represent the production of 20 batches during the year. NoFat leases its plant machinery. The lease agreement is negotiated and signed on the first day of each year. NoFat currently leases enough machinery to produce 125,000 pounds of olestra. PU requires that an independent quality team inspects any facility from which it makes purchases. The terms of the special sales offer would require NoFat to bear the 1,000 cost of the inspection team. Assume for this question that Allysons relevant analysis reveals that NoFat would earn a positive relevant profit of 10,000 from the special sale (i.e., the special sales alternative). However, after conducting this traditional, short-term relevant analysis, Allyson wonders whether it might be more profitable over the long term to downsize the company by reducing its manufacturing capacity (i.e., its plant machinery and plant facility). She is aware that downsizing requires a multiyear time horizon because companies usually cannot increase or decrease fixed plant assets every year. Therefore, Allyson has decided to use a 5-year time horizon in her long-term decision analysis. She has identified the following information regarding capacity downsizing (i.e., the downsizing alternative): The plant facility consists of several buildings. If it chooses to downsize its capacity, NoFat can immediately sell one of the buildings to an adjacent business for 30,000. If it chooses to downsize its capacity, NoFats annual lease cost for plant machinery will decrease to 9,000. Therefore, Allyson must choose between these two alternatives: Accept the special sales offer each year and earn a 10,000 relevant profit for each of the next 5 years or reject the special sales offer and downsize as described above. Assume that NoFat pays for all costs with cash. Also, assume a 10% discount rate, a 5-year time horizon, and all cash flows occur at the end of the year. Using an NPV approach to discount future cash flows to present value, a. Calculate the NPV of accepting the special sale with the assumed positive relevant profit of 10,000 per year (i.e., the special sales alternative). b. Calculate the NPV of downsizing capacity as previously described (i.e., the downsizing alternative). c. Based on the NPV of Requirements 5a and 5b, identify and explain which of these two alternatives is best for NoFat to pursue in the long term.arrow_forwardNico Parts, Inc., produces electronic products with short life cycles (of less than two years). Development has to be rapid, and the profitability of the products is tied strongly to the ability to find designs that will keep production and logistics costs low. Recently, management has also decided that post-purchase costs are important in design decisions. Last month, a proposal for a new product was presented to management. The total market was projected at 200,000 units (for the two-year period). The proposed selling price was 130 per unit. At this price, market share was expected to be 25 percent. The manufacturing and logistics costs were estimated to be 120 per unit. Upon reviewing the projected figures, Brian Metcalf, president of Nico, called in his chief design engineer, Mark Williams, and his marketing manager, Cathy McCourt. The following conversation was recorded: BRIAN: Mark, as you know, we agreed that a profit of 15 per unit is needed for this new product. Also, as I look at the projected market share, 25 percent isnt acceptable. Total profits need to be increased. Cathy, what suggestions do you have? CATHY: Simple. Decrease the selling price to 125 and we expand our market share to 35 percent. To increase total profits, however, we need some cost reductions as well. BRIAN: Youre right. However, keep in mind that I do not want to earn a profit that is less than 15 per unit. MARK: Does that 15 per unit factor in preproduction costs? You know we have already spent 100,000 on developing this product. To lower costs will require more expenditure on development. BRIAN: Good point. No, the projected cost of 120 does not include the 100,000 we have already spent. I do want a design that will provide a 15-per-unit profit, including consideration of preproduction costs. CATHY: I might mention that post-purchase costs are important as well. The current design will impose about 10 per unit for using, maintaining, and disposing our product. Thats about the same as our competitors. If we can reduce that cost to about 5 per unit by designing a better product, we could probably capture about 50 percent of the market. I have just completed a marketing survey at Marks request and have found out that the current design has two features not valued by potential customers. These two features have a projected cost of 6 per unit. However, the price consumers are willing to pay for the product is the same with or without the features. Required: 1. Calculate the target cost associated with the initial 25 percent market share. Does the initial design meet this target? Now calculate the total life-cycle profit that the current (initial) design offers (including preproduction costs). 2. Assume that the two features that are apparently not valued by consumers will be eliminated. Also assume that the selling price is lowered to 125. a. Calculate the target cost for the 125 price and 35 percent market share. b. How much more cost reduction is needed? c. What are the total life-cycle profits now projected for the new product? d. Describe the three general approaches that Nico can take to reduce the projected cost to this new target. Of the three approaches, which is likely to produce the most reduction? 3. Suppose that the Engineering Department has two new designs: Design A and Design B. Both designs eliminate the two nonvalued features. Both designs also reduce production and logistics costs by an additional 8 per unit. Design A, however, leaves post-purchase costs at 10 per unit, while Design B reduces post-purchase costs to 4 per unit. Developing and testing Design A costs an additional 150,000, while Design B costs an additional 300,000. Assuming a price of 125, calculate the total life-cycle profits under each design. Which would you choose? Explain. What if the design you chose cost an additional 500,000 instead of 150,000 or 300,000? Would this have changed your decision? 4. Refer to Requirement 3. For every extra dollar spent on preproduction activities, how much benefit was generated? What does this say about the importance of knowing the linkages between preproduction activities and later activities?arrow_forward
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