Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 17.1, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
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The concept of cooperativity between organisms as opposed to the famous notion of evolution by competition between organisms.
Introduction:
Heritable
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Four billion years ago, the Earth was a thin-crusted inferno. Which probable stage of physical and chemical evolution of life is that?
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- “There might be life on Europa because it has an atmosphere that contains oxygen just like the Earth” Is this a strong analogy argument, and can be made stronger?arrow_forwardProkaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes share similar phospholipid bilayers. What does this tell us about their evolution from the first cells?arrow_forwardYou discover a new multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organism. What is one characteristic that will allow you to classify this new organism as an animal? Group of answer choices a. cell walls made of chitin b. structural proteins c. multicellular haploid stage in its life cycle d. cell walls made of cellulose e. external digestionarrow_forward
- The astronomer Carl Sagan once said, “We are made ofstar stuff.” Explain why this is true of all life on Earth.arrow_forwardWithout an oxygen-free atmosphere, the organic compounds that started the story of life never would have been formed on their own. Free oxygen would have attacked them. Which probable stage of physical and chemical evolution of life is that?arrow_forwardDuring the first 600 million years of Earth history, enzymes, ATP , and other molecules could have assembled spontaneously at the same locations. Which probable stage of physical and chemical evolution of life is that?arrow_forward
- There are many different types of organisms, but all of them are composed of cells. Some are single-celled organisms while others are of many cells. Regardless of their cellularity, cells are small. Why it should be small? If there is a unicellular organism which has only one cell that is as big as a human, what are pros and cons?arrow_forwardPresumably in the first billion years of the Earth’s existence, there were many chemical reactions occurring and some of these reactions formed large quantities of organic molecules that accumulated in the early oceans, lakes, etc. This is often referred to as the “primordial ooze” or “prebiotic soup.” The conditions of the early Earth changed so new organic molecules weren’t being made, however many of the molecules in the primordial ooze reacted together forming more complex molecules and even, after millions of years, primitive cells formed. For energy, these primitive cells could metabolize some of the remaining organic molecules and “eat” other cells. At some point millions of years later, photosynthetic bacteria developed, but note that these bacteria did not give off O2. Then more millions of years later, the Cyanobacteria (the Blue-Green Bacteria) evolved and these organisms could photosynthesize and they gave off O2. a) With the above scenario in mind, discuss the…arrow_forwardChloroplasts and mitochondria are both unusual in that they have double membranes and contain their own set of DNA. Can you think of any explanations for this observation?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements supports the concept of the endosymbiotic theory? A. Proteins may be trafficked within the endomembrane system. B. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. C. Chloroplasts have many features in common with bacteria. D. Mitochondria can fuse together to form larger organelles within eukaryotic cells.arrow_forwardThe membrane structure that eventually evolved into the double nuclear membrane of the eukaryotes first appears in the: A) Chemical evolution, B) Prokaryotes, C) Eukaryotes, D) the protocell, E) Plants.arrow_forwardImagine an ancient sunlit estuary rich in clay deposits. Countless aggregations of organic molecules stick to the clay. Which probable stage of physical and chemical evolution of life is that?arrow_forward
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