Chapter 17.3, Problem 1PE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $\text{pH}$ for initial solution obtained when $100mLof0.10MHN{O}_2$ titrated with $0.10MNaOH$ solution have to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$: The concentration of hydrogen ion is measured using $\text{pH}$ scale. The $\text{pH}$ of a solution is a figure that expresses the acidity or the alkalinity of a given solution.

It is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen or hydronium ion concentration.

  $\text{pH}\text{=}{\text{-log[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$

If the value of $\text{pH}$ is less than $7$, then the solution is acidic whereas if the value of $\text{pH}$ is greater than $7$, then the solution is basic.

Molarity: The concentration for solutions is expressed in terms of molarity as follows,

  $\text{Molarity = }\frac{\text{No}\text{. of moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in L}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $\text{pH}$ of the solution obtained at the point when $80mL$ of base added should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$: The concentration of hydrogen ion is measured using $\text{pH}$ scale. The $\text{pH}$ of a solution is a figure that expresses the acidity or the alkalinity of a given solution.

It is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen or hydronium ion concentration.

  $\text{pH}\text{=}{\text{-log[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$

If the value of $\text{pH}$ is less than $7$, then the solution is acidic whereas if the value of $\text{pH}$ is greater than $7$, then the solution is basic.

Molarity: The concentration for solutions is expressed in terms of molarity as follows,

  $\text{Molarity = }\frac{\text{No}\text{. of moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in L}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pH at the equivalence point for the given titration should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$: The concentration of hydrogen ion is measured using $\text{pH}$ scale. The $\text{pH}$ of a solution is a figure that expresses the acidity or the alkalinity of a given solution.

It is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen or hydronium ion concentration.

  $\text{pH}\text{=}{\text{-log[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$

If the value of $\text{pH}$ is less than $7$, then the solution is acidic whereas if the value of $\text{pH}$ is greater than $7$, then the solution is basic.

Molarity: The concentration for solutions is expressed in terms of molarity as follows,

  $\text{Molarity = }\frac{\text{No}\text{. of moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in L}}$

The equivalence point is a point in a titration where the amount of standard solution added is sufficient to neutralize the unknown solution completely. At this point, the total number of moles of standard solution (titrant) is equal to the number of moles of an unknown solution (analyte).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $\text{pH}$ value upon adding $105mL$ of base should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$: The concentration of hydrogen ion is measured using $\text{pH}$ scale. The $\text{pH}$ of a solution is a figure that expresses the acidity or the alkalinity of a given solution.

It is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen or hydronium ion concentration.

  $\text{pH}\text{=}{\text{-log[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$

If the value of $\text{pH}$ is less than $7$, then the solution is acidic whereas if the value of $\text{pH}$ is greater than $7$, then the solution is basic.

Molarity: The concentration for solutions is expressed in terms of molarity as follows,

  $\text{Molarity = }\frac{\text{No}\text{. of moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in L}}$

The equivalence point is a point in a titration where the amount of standard solution added is sufficient to neutralize the unknown solution completely. At this point, the total number of moles of standard solution (titrant) is equal to the number of moles of an unknown solution (analyte).