Concept explainers
Characterizing Glycolysis List the reactions of glycolysis that
a. are energy consuming (under standard-stale conditions),
b. are energy yielding (under standard-state conditions),
c. consume ATP.
d. yield ATP
e. are strongly influenced by changes in concentration of substrate and product because of their molecularity.
f. are at or near equilibrium in the erythrocyte (see Table 18.2).
(a)
To write: The reaction of glycolysis which are energy consuming under standard-state conditions.
Introduction: Glycolysis is a series of chemical reaction in the body which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose molecules. Glycolysis is an extramitochondrial chemical reaction and takes place in the cytoplasm to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Reactions that consume energy to complete would have a positive value of
Explanation of Solution
The first step of Glycolysis is energy-consuming in nature.
The following reactions of glycolysis are energy consuming reactions:
Thus, the above reaction consumes energy and has positive value for both energies of the reaction.
(b)
To write: The reaction of glycolysis which are energy releasing under standard-state conditions.
Introduction: Glycolysis is a series of chemical reaction in the body which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose molecules. Glycolysis is an extramitochondrial chemical reaction and takes place in the cytoplasm to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Reactions that consume energy to complete would have a positive value of
Explanation of Solution
The following reactions of glycolysis are energy-releasing reactions:
Thus, the above reaction release energy and have a negative value for both energies of the reaction.
(c)
To write: We need to demonstrate the reaction of glycolysis which consumes ATP.
Introduction: Glycolysis is a series of chemical reaction in the body which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose molecules. Glycolysis is an extramitochondrial chemical reaction and takes place in the cytoplasm to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Reactions that consume energy to complete would have a positive value
Explanation of Solution
The following reactions of glycolysis consume ATP reactions:
Thus, the above reaction consumes ATP in the process of Glycolysis.
(d)
To write: the reaction of glycolysis which yields ATP.
Introduction: Glycolysis is a series of chemical reaction in the body which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose molecules. Glycolysis is an extramitochondrial chemical reaction and takes place in the cytoplasm to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Reactions that consume energy to complete would have a positive value
Explanation of Solution
The following reactions of glycolysis that yield ATP:
Thus, the above reaction yields ATP in the process of glycolysis. For each molecule of glucose, the above reaction will take place twice.
(e)
To write: The reaction of glycolysis which is strongly influenced by the changes in concentration of the substrate and product because of their molecularity.
Introduction: Glycolysis is a series of chemical reaction in the body which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose molecules. Glycolysis is an extramitochondrial chemical reaction and takes place in the cytoplasm to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Reactions that consume energy to complete would have a positive value
Explanation of Solution
This question can be answered in two ways: The closer the Gibb’s free energy is to Zero, the reaction is closer to the equilibrium state. This indicates that the products and reactants will affect the direction of the reaction. The following reactions of glycolysis are influenced by the changes in concentration of the substrate and product:
The second step is the change in Gibb’s free energy with the change in the concentrations. Gibb’s free energy changes with the formula
The equilibrium constant can be easily changed when there is a change in the concentration of products as compared to reactants. These change reactions occur in two steps:
Thus, the above two steps are strongly influenced by the changes in concentration of the substrate and product because of their molecularity.
(f)
To write: The reaction of glycolysis which is at or near equilibrium in the erythrocytes.
Introduction: Glycolysis is a series of chemical reaction in the body which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose molecules. Glycolysis is an extramitochondrial chemical reaction and takes place in the cytoplasm to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Reactions that consume energy to complete would have a positive value
Explanation of Solution
The following reactions of glycolysis are the reaction of glycolysis which is at or near equilibrium in the erythrocytes:
The closer the Gibb’s free energy to Zero, the reaction is closer to the equilibrium state. The following reactions indicate that under cellular conditions the free energy is very small and doesn’t require regulation.
Thus, the above reactions are at or near equilibrium in the erythrocytes.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Biochemistry
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- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning