Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 18, Problem 2DAA
Summary Introduction
To find: The species that is most closely related to the “Apapane” (Himatione sanguinea).
Concept introduction: A cladogram is a diagrammatic representation used to represent the relationship between the different groups of organisms. It is very helpful for comparing many number of clades based on different aspects. A clade is a group of species used in cladograms, which consists of one ancestor and all its descendants. Outgroups in a cladogram are used as point of comparison for the ingroup and completely allows for the phylogeny to be rooted.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Question:
Draw a cladogram with the following eleven animals written across the top, representing the currently accepted phylogeny we discussed this semester. Every animal must be written on the tip of a separate branch; you cannot put two or more names on one branch. Note that the animals are listed here alphabetically, not necessarily in the order that they would be written from left to right on the cladogram.
comb jelly
koala
lampshell
lizard
octopus
owl
round worm
sea anemone
snail
soft coral
tunicate
for the organism Polyommatus eleniae
Use this link to answer the following: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/173273/6983441
Name your family and provide a description of the family including:
Which Phylum does this family belong to?
How many members are there in this family?
What is the geographic distribution of the family?
What’s special about them - list up to three unique characters found in that family.
Scientific Name
Common Name
Panthera onca
Jaguar
Panthera pardus
Leopard
Felis lybica
African Wild Cat
Panthera leo
Lion
Felis catus
House cat
Canis lupus
Wolf
Panthera tigris
Tiger
Based on the chart above, which 2 animals are most closely related to the tiger (common names):
Would you expect an animal with the scientific name Rania onca to look similar to a Jaguar? Why or why not?
Which animal is most closely related to the housecat?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - In cladistics, the only taxon that is always...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2SQCh. 18 - A clade is _________. a. defined by a derived...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8SQCh. 18 - Mitochondrial DNA sequences are often used in...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 2DAACh. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - True or false? DNA barcoding can identify an...Ch. 18 - A mutation that alters the embryonic expression...Ch. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - True or false? Phylogeny helps us study the spread...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. Which species is most closely related to the 'Apapane (Himatione sanguinea)?arrow_forwardHawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. What is the sister group of the 'Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi)arrow_forwardIs the following statements consistent with the provided data? Answer TRUE if the statement is consistent with the data.Answer FALSE if the statement is not consistent with the data. 1. According to the phylogeny toads are monophyletic. 2. According to the phylogeny a group composed of the spring peeper and the chorus frog is monophyletic. 3. If climate change results in less snowpack during the winter months, then wood frog survival will increase.arrow_forward
- Mammalian species possess an amniotic, a character state also inferred to have been present in the ancestor they share with Reptilia. Thus, this shared homologous trait is a______________of Mammalia. Group of answer choices symplesiomorphy synapomorphy analogy homoplasy PreviousNextarrow_forwardMicrotaxonomy (Species and Speciation) Why are "types" important in systematics?arrow_forwardA number of different, unrelated species of Arctic fishes have evolved an adaptation to avoid freezing in frigid, winter waters. These different species all use the same glycoprotein that they circulate through their blood to prevent ice crystals from forming in their bloodstream. What is the adaptation of freeze resistance in these fishes is an example of? Parsimony Paraphyly Homoplasy Synapomorphyarrow_forward
- Using the terms listed below, answer all the parts to this question regarding the cladogram for the frogs Anatomy of a Cladogram Sympleisiomorphies—shared ancestral states Synapomorphies—shared, derived character states Autapomorphies—unique, derived character states Homoplasies—the result of parallel or convergent evolution where 2 or more organisms independently acquire the same character state (could be the result of a reversal—when, in a particular lineage, a character reverts from a derived back to an ancestral state). Similarity in appearance, but not origin. Monophyletic group—group of all descendants of a common ancestor Paraphyletic group—group of some, but not all, descendants of a common ancestor Polyphyletic group – group of individuals that descend from more than one common ancestor Polytomy—3 or more taxa emerging from a single node who do not share the most common ancestor Homologies—Similarities resulting from descent from a common ancestor Analogies - Similarities…arrow_forwardUsing the terms listed below, answer all the parts to this question regarding the cladogram for the frogs Anatomy of a Cladogram Sympleisiomorphies—shared ancestral states Synapomorphies—shared, derived character states Autapomorphies—unique, derived character states Homoplasies—the result of parallel or convergent evolution where 2 or more organisms independently acquire the same character state (could be the result of a reversal—when, in a particular lineage, a character reverts from a derived back to an ancestral state). Similarity in appearance, but not origin. Monophyletic group—group of all descendants of a common ancestor Paraphyletic group—group of some, but not all, descendants of a common ancestor Polyphyletic group – group of individuals that descend from more than one common ancestor Polytomy—3 or more taxa emerging from a single node who do not share the most common ancestor Homologies—Similarities resulting from descent from a common ancestor Analogies - Similarities…arrow_forwardBased on the phylogentic tree attached Question 1 The placement of Melibe digitata and Melibe viridis is: a) Suspicious because long branch attraction may be a factor b) Suspicious because the branch is not fully shown c) Suspicious because it belongs to an unresolved clade with Cuthonia divae and Lomanotus sp. E d) Not suspicious because it has a Bayesian posterior probability of the maximum 1 Question 2 The estimate of phylogenetic relationships of Marionia sp. 10 is sufficient evidence on which to base its status as a distinct species: a) Clearly, yes b) Clearly, no c) Maybe, but it depends on the bootstrap support uniting two samples on the tree d) Maybe, but it depends on evidence from other data sources Question 3 The sister group of Tritoniopsis alba with three asterisks to its right-hand side is: a) Tritoniopsis sp. b) Both Tritoniopsis sp. c) Tritoniopsis alba (without asterisks) d) Tritoniopsis frydis e) Both Tritoniopsis sp. and Tritoniopsis alba (without asterisks), and…arrow_forward
- Aerobic organisms are dependent on autotrophs. One reason for this dependency is that most autotrophs provide the aerobic organisms with oxygen. nitrogen gas. carbon dioxide. hydrogen. Two different species in a particular ecosystem share the same niche. What is most likely true about these two species? They are the result of an allopatric speciation event They compete intensely One is a predator, the other its prey They are the result of a sympatric speciation eventarrow_forwardThe oldest fossils of human ancestors found in this area at 700,000 years old. andrewsaechus what is a carnival and brontotherium was a herbivore. Suggest how the extinction of andrewsaechus could have resulted in the extinction of brontotheriumarrow_forwardHawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. Which species on the cladogram represents an outgroup?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781337408332Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781337408332
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license