Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures? Why does their tendency toward spontaneity decrease with increasing temperature?

Q: A reaction has ΔH∘rxn= -134 kJ and ΔS∘rxn= 320 J/K.  At what temperature is the change in entropy…

A: Given: -ΔH°rxn = -134 KJΔS°rxn = 320 J/KIf everything is carried out at a constant temperature and…

Q: How Gibbs free energy is determined by the volume of the substance ?

A: To find: relation between Gibbs free energy and volume?

Q: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of liquid ethanol, C2H5OH, under standard state…

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Q: 10) Show that it is a spontaneous process for water to boil at 110 °C.

A: When we superheat liquid water at 110°C, the nature of the reaction can be stated by following it's…

Q: Explain the difference between a spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, and provide an example of…

A: Difference between spontaneous and non-spontaneous process :

Q: In a particular spontaneous process, the entropy of the system decreases. What can you conclude…

A: Spontaneous process: In thermodynamical terms, a spontaneous process is a process in which…

Q: A process increases the entropy of the system by 128 J/mol K and absorbs 54 kJ/mol of heat from the…

A: Given: Change in entropy (∆S) = 128 J/mol•K Absorbed heat=54 kJ/mol =54×103 J/mol    To determine…

Q: Discuss the Free Energy under Nonstandard Conditions?

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Q: Explain the single criterion for a physical process to be classified as spontaneous.

A: Spontaneous processes are the changes occur without work to be done on the system and it occurs…

Q: Describe how entropy and enthalpy combine for the overall determination of spontaneity. What values…

A: The Gibbs equation, shown in equation (1) where ΔH is the enthalpy change, ΔS is the entropy change,…

Q: Explain how the entropy of a system is related to the number ofpossible microstates?

A: To find: The relation between the entropy and number of possible microstates

Q: For a reaction, ΔHrxn = -107 kJ and ΔSrxn = 285 J>K. At what temperature is the change in entropy…

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Q: The entropy of a system always increases for a spontaneous process. O TRUE O FALSE

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Q: What does the second law of thermodynamics imply about the spotaneity of processes

A: Spontaneity of a process was explained by second law of thermodynamics. According to this law, the…

Q: Which of the following is TRUE for a spontaneous process? Ο ΔΗΤAS

A: In this question we have to tell the condition for the spontaneous process.

Q: In a particular spontaneous process, the number of microstates availableto the system decreases.…

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Q: How can a system or chemical reaction have a negative entropy change and be spontaneous?

A: Chemical reaction:

Q: How can you calculate the standard entropy change for a reaction from tables of standard entropies?

A: The standard entropy change for a reaction from tables of standard entropies can be calculated by…

Q: What are the signs of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for the spontaneous condensation of a vapor to a liquid?…

A: The reactions that occur on their own and do not need any external help for the reaction to take…

Q: Under what conditions does an increase in temperature turn a nonspontaneous process into a…

A: For a spontaneous reaction, ∆G (change in Gibbs free energy) must be negative.

Q: Under what circumstances does entropy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process

A: For any  spontaneous process, the value of Gibbs free energy change i.e ΔG should be -ve And since…

Q: When is Gibbs free energy negative? If is it spontaneous or non-spotaneous?

A: Gibbs free energy change is a thermodynamic parameter, which is associated with the enthalpy and…

Q: According to the second law of thermodynamics, a system and its surroundings spontaneously tend…

A: according to second law of thermodynamics a system and its surroundings spontaneously tend toward…

Q: Why can endothermic reactions be spontaneous?

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Q: What thermodynamic quantity is used to determine whether a chemical reaction will proceed…

A: In the thermodynamic system we can determine which reaction is spontaneously or which reaction is…

Q: Define gibbs free energy in a reaction.

A: Thermodynamic is the branch of chemistry that mainly deals with the heat transfer between system and…

Q: Cite at least 3 examples of spontaneous phenomena.

A: Example 1 : Common salt dissolves in water of its own. Reason : when we put some salt in a glass of…

Q: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of gaseous propane, C3Hg, under the standard…

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Q: Which of the following is a correct statement about the third law of thermodynamics ? O The entropy…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of science which deals woth the study of energy changes and their…

Q: What is the application of standard Gibbs free-energy to processes and reactions What is its…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of heat and other forms of…

Q: Does the thermodynamic term spontaneous refer to a process that takes place quickly?

A: To find: whether spontaneous refer to a process that takes place quickly thermodynamically?

Q: Can a process be spontaneous at one temperature and nonspontaneous at a different temperature?

A: Thermodynamics can be used to explain the spontaneity of a reaction.

Q: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of gaseous propane, C3H8, under the standard…

A: Entropy refers to measure of disorder and randomness. For a reaction, standard entropy change of…

Q: relation between the enthalpies of formation and between the

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Q: Give an example of a spontaneous process in which a system becomes less ordered and energy becomes…

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Q: Does the entropy of the surroundings increase for spontaneous processes?

A: The entropy is a measure of randomness of a system. In a spontaneous process, the entropy of the…

Q: Explain why changes in both enthalpy and entropy determine the spontaneity of a process.

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Q: Describe Gibbs' free energy and give an example of a spontaneous process.

A: The process which occur by itself without any external energy is known as spontaneous process.

Q: What is the molar entropy of a pure crystal at 0 K? What is the significance of the answer to this…

A: The third law of thermodynamics states that entropy of a pure crystal at a temperature of zero…

Q: According to the second law of thermodynamics for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the…

A: To find: For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe

Q: Consider these two reactions: Reaction 1: 20F2(g) O2(g) + 2 F2(g) ΔΗ-49.4 k Reaction 2: N2(8) +…

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Q: For a given reaction, dH = 32 kJ/mol and dS = 117 J/mol. At approximately what temperature would…

A: The spontaneity of the reaction can be determined by the change in Gibbs free energy. The relation…

Q: Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures?

A: Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures?

Q: In order to be a spontaneous reaction, what has to be true about Gibbs Free Energy?

A: Gibbs free energy of any reaction is defined as the maximum amount of reversible work that may be…

Q: To reach thermodynamic equilibrium under certain constraints, some state functions need to be…

A: Thermodynamic  - what is the branch of science which deals with the study of relation between  heat…

Q: The normal freezing point of n-octane 1C8H182 is -57 °C. In what temperature range is the freezing…

A: For freezing process  ∆H < 0  and ∆S < 0  So,  ∆G = ∆H - T∆S  at low temperature  ∆G < 0…

Q: Explain Thermodynamic Processes?

A: The four types of thermodynamic process are isobaric, isochoric, isothermal and adiabatic.

Q: What is a spontaneous process? Provide an example?

A: Spontaneous process are those reactions that take place instantaneously without any external force.…