The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: − NH 2 , − OH , − R , − OR . Some of the deactivating substituents are: − CHO , − COOR , − X , − COCl . Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Draw the resonance contributors for:a. benzaldehyde b. chlorobenzene

Write out the steps needed to separate hydrocarbon A and carboxylicacid B by using an extraction procedure.

(b) Is UV spectroscopy a correct method to distinguish between the Rectant and Product

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 6

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 7

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 8

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 9

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 13

Ch. 18.1 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 18.3 - Why does hydration inactivate FeBr3?Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 4P Ch. 18.7 - What is the major product of a Friedel-Crafts...Ch. 18.9 - Describe two ways to prepare each of the following...Ch. 18.10 - Prob. 7P Ch. 18.11 - Name the following:Ch. 18.11 - Draw a structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 18.11 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 18.11 - Correct the following incorrect names: a....

Solution Summary: The author explains that the reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents.

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Chapter 18 Solutions