Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 14TYK
Discuss Concepts The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is only about 0.4% the size of the human genome, yet itcontains about 30% as many genes as are in the human genome. Given that, which of the features of the human genome would you expect to find many fewer of in the yeast genome?
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Illustrate about the Map and sequence the genomes of several model organisms used in experimental genetics, including Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus (mouse).
A group of scientists sequenced the genomes of 12 species of Drosophila (Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium. 2007. Nature 450:203–218). Data on genome sizes and numbers of protein-encoding genes from this study are given in the accompanying table. Plot the number of protein-encoding genes as a function of genome size for the 12 species of Drosophila. Is there a relation between genome size and number of genes in fruit flies? How does this compare with the relation between genome size and number of genes across all eukaryotes?
Using the Figure below briefly describe four basic molecular genetic processes. What is a duration of these processes in an averaged human cell?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.1 - What additional biological questions can be...Ch. 19.2 - What is the principle behind whole-genome shotgun...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 19.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 19.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 19.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19 - How do pseudogenes differ from genes? a. They are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 19 - About 95% of the average human transcription unit...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 19 - When two protein-coding genes have very similar...Ch. 19 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 19 - Discuss Concepts The genome of the yeast...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 19 - Below is a sequence of 540 bases from a genome....
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- Model Genetic Organisms: Why are fruit flies considered a model genetic organism? Would humans fit this description?arrow_forwardAll the cells of one organisms share the genome. However, during development, some cells develop into skin cells while others develop into muscle cells. How can the same genetic instructions result in two different cell types in the same organism? Thoroughly explain your answer.arrow_forwardYou are interested in finding out the function of a particular gene in the mouse genome. You have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene, defined the portion that codes for its protein product, and searched the relevant database for similar sequences; however, neither the gene nor the encoded protein resembles anything previously described. What types of additional information about the gene and the encoded protein would you like to know in order to narrow down its function, and why?arrow_forward
- Genome size varies considerably among multicellular organisms. Is this variation closely related to the number of genes and the complexity of the organism? If not, what accounts for some of this variation?arrow_forwardTraditional gene mapping has been applied successfully to a variety of organisms including yeast, fungi, maize, and Drosophila. However, human gene mapping has only recently shared a similar spotlight. What factors have delayed the application of traditional gene-mapping techniques in humans?arrow_forwardThe Japanese canopy plant (Paris japonica) has one of the largest of all eukaryotic genomes, with approximately 150 billion base pairs, about 50 times the size of the human genome. In contrast, the bladderwort Utricularia gibba has one of the smallest plant genomes, with only 82 million base pairs. What predictions can you make about the genomes of these two species?arrow_forward
- Describe how you would use replica plating of mutagenized, haploid yeast cells to identify temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in essential genes needed for yeast growth and survival.arrow_forwardAntibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, but have no effect on the synthesis of proteins encoded by eukaryotic nuclear genes. Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes, but has no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. How might these compounds be used to determine which proteins are encoded by mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?arrow_forwardIt is possible to take the DNA of a gene from any source and place it on a chromosome in the nucleus of a yeast cell. When you take DNA of a human gene and put it into a yeast cell chromosome, the yeast cell can synthesize the human protein. However, when you remove the DNA for a gene normally present on yeast mitochondrial chromosomes and put it on a yeast chromosome in the nucleus, the yeast cell cannot synthesize the correct protein, even though the gene comes from the same organism. Explain. What would you need to do to ensure that such a yeast cell could make the correct protein?arrow_forward
- Annotation of the human genome sequence reveals a discrepancy between the number of protein-coding genes and the number of predicted proteins actually expressed by the genome. Proteomic analysis indicates that human cells are capable of synthesizing more than 100,000 different proteins and perhaps three times this number. What is the discrepancy, and how can it be reconciled?arrow_forward. Let’s say that you have incredible skill and can isolate the white and red patches of tissue from the Drosophila eyes shown in Figure 12-24 in order to isolate mRNA from each tissue preparation. Using your knowledge of DNA techniques from Chapter 10, design an experiment that would allow you to determine whether RNA is transcribed from the white gene in the red tissue or the whitetissue or both. If you need it, you have access to radioactive white-gene DNAarrow_forwardHuman Genome ProjectIn 2003, the Human Genome Project was successfully completed, determining the exact sequence of the entire human genome, which is made up of 3 billion nucleotide base pairs. The data generated from the Human Genome Project is freely available online to anyone. Many researches and innovations stemmed from the HGP, allowing the identifications of 1 800 disease genes. Many of the corporations using the results from the HGP are privately funded, and research is being done for profit even though the HGP results are provided freely.Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of corporate funding and patenting genetic research results.arrow_forward
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