The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β -unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn. Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones . Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β -hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β -hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Ketones are prepared by oxidation of secondary alcohols. Name the alcohol that should be used to prepare(a) 3-pentanone(b) methyl ethyl ketone (c) 4-phenyl-2-butanone Write the structure for each aldol condensation product that is possible when a mixture of ethanal and propanal is reacted with dilute NaOH.

Predict the products of aldol condensation, followed by dehydration, of the followingketones and aldehydes.(a) butyraldehyde (b) acetophenone (c) cyclohexanone

The aldol double condensation reaction is highly selective for formation of a single double condensation product. Explain why only one aldol condensation product is formed despite two carbonyl compounds being present for the reaction.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 13

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Answer 19

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 20

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3