(a) Interpretation: The drawings of the alternative chair conformations of A should be completed. The more stable conformations should be identified. Concept Introduction: The carbon atoms in a ring structure can be rotated upward or downward to form different chair conformations of the same compound. These conformations are called alternative chair conformations.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.47P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The drawings of the alternative chair conformations of A should be completed. The more stable conformations should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The carbon atoms in a ring structure can be rotated upward or downward to form different chair conformations of the same compound. These conformations are called alternative chair conformations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The two functional groups in B that react to form the compound A through cyclization should be identified. The new functional group formed to close the carbon ring should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

A functional group is a combination of atoms which act together to show typical chemical reactions when present in a compound.

Cyclization refers to the chemical reaction through which one or more carbon rings are formed in a compound.

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Based on the structures of lycopene and β-carotene, which are two chemicals found in another common vegetable, the tomato, answer the following questions: 1. Are they stereoisomers, constitutional isomers or not even isomers? 2. Do you expect them to be relatively polar or nonpolar substances? Why? 3. How many double bonds are in lycopene? How many in β -carotene? 4. As lycopene is transformed into β -carotene, how many pi electrons from the double bonds are transformed into single bonds? How many new single bonds are being formed in β -carotene? 5. The first step of a possible mechanism for the ring closure in the transformation is outlined below (only part of the structure is shown for simplicity). Draw the product that results from this arrow pushing mechanism. Be sure to include any formal charges that arise from the carbon atoms.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.47P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The drawings of the alternative chair conformations of A should be completed. The more stable conformations should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The carbon atoms in a ring structure can be rotated upward or downward to form different chair conformations of the same compound. These conformations are called alternative chair conformations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The two functional groups in B that react to form the compound A through cyclization should be identified. The new functional group formed to close the carbon ring should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

A functional group is a combination of atoms which act together to show typical chemical reactions when present in a compound.

Cyclization refers to the chemical reaction through which one or more carbon rings are formed in a compound.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.47P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The drawings of the alternative chair conformations of A should be completed. The more stable conformations should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The carbon atoms in a ring structure can be rotated upward or downward to form different chair conformations of the same compound. These conformations are called alternative chair conformations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The two functional groups in B that react to form the compound A through cyclization should be identified. The new functional group formed to close the carbon ring should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

A functional group is a combination of atoms which act together to show typical chemical reactions when present in a compound.

Cyclization refers to the chemical reaction through which one or more carbon rings are formed in a compound.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.47P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The drawings of the alternative chair conformations of A should be completed. The more stable conformations should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The carbon atoms in a ring structure can be rotated upward or downward to form different chair conformations of the same compound. These conformations are called alternative chair conformations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The two functional groups in B that react to form the compound A through cyclization should be identified. The new functional group formed to close the carbon ring should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

A functional group is a combination of atoms which act together to show typical chemical reactions when present in a compound.

Cyclization refers to the chemical reaction through which one or more carbon rings are formed in a compound.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.47P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The drawings of the alternative chair conformations of A should be completed. The more stable conformations should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The carbon atoms in a ring structure can be rotated upward or downward to form different chair conformations of the same compound. These conformations are called alternative chair conformations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The two functional groups in B that react to form the compound A through cyclization should be identified. The new functional group formed to close the carbon ring should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

A functional group is a combination of atoms which act together to show typical chemical reactions when present in a compound.

Cyclization refers to the chemical reaction through which one or more carbon rings are formed in a compound.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.47P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The drawings of the alternative chair conformations of A should be completed. The more stable conformations should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The carbon atoms in a ring structure can be rotated upward or downward to form different chair conformations of the same compound. These conformations are called alternative chair conformations.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.47P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The drawings of the alternative chair conformations of A should be completed. The more stable conformations should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The carbon atoms in a ring structure can be rotated upward or downward to form different chair conformations of the same compound. These conformations are called alternative chair conformations.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The two functional groups in B that react to form the compound A through cyclization should be identified. The new functional group formed to close the carbon ring should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

A functional group is a combination of atoms which act together to show typical chemical reactions when present in a compound.

Cyclization refers to the chemical reaction through which one or more carbon rings are formed in a compound.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The two functional groups in B that react to form the compound A through cyclization should be identified. The new functional group formed to close the carbon ring should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

A functional group is a combination of atoms which act together to show typical chemical reactions when present in a compound.

Cyclization refers to the chemical reaction through which one or more carbon rings are formed in a compound.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19.4 - Problem 19-2 Complete the equation for each...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 19.3P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.4P Ch. 19 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.6P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.9P Ch. 19 - 0 Complete the equations for these reactions.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the drawings of the alternative chair conformations of A should be completed.

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