Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 3TYU
The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN cannot receive blood transfusions from either MM or NN people (b) the MM, MN, and NN genotype frequencies can be observed directly and compared with calculated expected frequencies (c) the M allele is dominant to the N allele (d) people with the MN genotype exhibit frequency-dependent selection (e) people with the MN genotype exhibit heterozygote advantage
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you (should have) learned that selection alone cannot purge a population of the very last copy of a deleterious allele. If selection is unable to do so, which of the remaining mechanisms (of the five Hardy-Weinberg) assumptions is MOST LIKELY to do so? Justify your answer. That is, why is the mechanism you picked the most likely to get rid of that last copy of a harmful allele?
Which evolutionary forces a. cause an increase in genetic variation both within and between populations? b. cause a decrease in genetic variation both within and between populations? c. cause an increase in genetic variation within populations but cause a decrease in genetic variation between populations?
When we take, say, 100 individuals of a species of beetle from the wild and place them in a new environment that is not so different that they are unable to thrive but different enough so that they are experiencing a new selective regime, say, a lower temperature, what typically happens?
A - Sexual selection causes some larvae to be able to survive in the cooler temperatures and other individuals to be unable to survive because they need warmer temperatures.
B - We are unable to measure phenotypic selection, presumably because we do not have much variation among individuals for how they handle temperature.
C - The founder event assures us that the new population will be strictly representative of the source population (especially if we took all the 100 from the same location rather that from throughout the range of the species).
D - The population evolves to be tolerant of the lower temperature; it can do this because of latent variation already in the 100 founding individuals.
E -…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.1 - Define what is meant by a populations gene pool.Ch. 19.1 - Distinguish among genotype, phenotype, and allele...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 19.1 - Can the frequencies of all genotypes in a...Ch. 19.1 - INTERPRET DATA In a human population of 1000, 840...Ch. 19.2 - Discuss the significance of the HardyWeinberg...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic...Ch. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic...Ch. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA The genotype frequencies of a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 19.3 - Discuss how each of the following...Ch. 19.3 - Distinguish among stabilizing selection,...Ch. 19.3 - Which microevolutionary force leads to adaptive...Ch. 19.3 - Why is mutation important to evolution if it is...Ch. 19.3 - Which microevolutionary forces are most associated...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 19.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 19.4 - How can researchers test the hypothesis that...Ch. 19 - The genetic description of an individual is its...Ch. 19 - In a diploid species, each individual possesses...Ch. 19 - The MN blood group is of interest to population...Ch. 19 - If a populations allele and genotype frequencies...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 19 - The continued presence of the allele that causes...Ch. 19 - According to the HardyWeinberg principle, (a)...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 19 - Mutation (a) leads to adaptive evolutionary change...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is not true of natural...Ch. 19 - If all copies of a given locus have the same...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 19 - EVOLUTION LINK Given that mutations are almost...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 19 - EVOLUTION LINK Evolution is sometimes...Ch. 19 - INTERPRET DATA The recessive allele that causes...Ch. 19 - PREDICT You study males in populations of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19TYU
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- PINE TREE NEEDLES Variation among members of a population can lead to natural selection, but only if two conditions are met: First, the trait must be relevant to an individual's survival and/or reproductive rate. Second, variation in this trait must be heritable, that is, at least partly controlled by genes. a. How might you design an experiment to determine the importance of needle length in determining survival and reproduction? b. How might you test the extent to which needle length is heritable?arrow_forwardIs it likely that the selection coefficient (s) is similar in value for the three populations shown? Is it important to know if the amount of genetic variation for the trait under selection is approximately equal in all three populations in the graph? Why or why not?arrow_forwardSexual selection tends to cause bigger size,more elaborate weaponry, or brighter colors in males. Is this an example of stabilizing,directional, or disruptive selection?arrow_forward
- The "balance" theory by Dobzhansky -is a theory based on the idea that genetic diversity in a population is maintained by heterozygote superiority. -is a theory that predicts a low level of genetic diversity in a given population. -was proposed in contrast to the so-called "classical" theory which hypothesized that individuals in a given diploid population should mostly be carrying neutral mutations in their genomes. -has been confirmed by numerous modern-day population genetic surveys, demonstrating the important of neutral mutations and genetic drift. -All of the abovearrow_forwardIn New Zealand you begin to study the relationship between snails and their trematode parasites. You found that the parasites cause cyclical patterns of selection on the snail populations, and vice a versa, such that snails with rare genotypes typically survive better compared to those that have more common genotypes. In the ten years you’ve been sampling, you notice that the two alleles cycle between being rare and common from year to year. What pattern of selection did you observe? a. selection against the dominant allele b. selection against the recessive allele c. frequency-dependent selection d. overdominancearrow_forwardThere are five generations of complete selection against recessive individuals (a) , migration (b), and random genetic drift (c). that affect the gene (A, a) and genotypic (AA, Aa, aa) frequencies of the population. Afterward, answer the question that follows. Based on the figures, what are the effect of complete selection, migration, and random genetic drift on the gene and genotypic frequencies of the population? Describe the trend for each scenario and provide a brief explanation. a. complete selection against recessive individuals b. migration c. random genetic drift (random mating in a very small population)arrow_forward
- Consider the gene that determines Rh blood type in human beings. This gene has two alleles (D, d) with D being dominant to d. Suppose that in a certain island population of 1000 individuals there are 250 individuals that have the genotype DD, 500 individuals that are heterozygotes, and 250 have the genotype dd. What are the genotype and allele frequencies in this population?arrow_forwardINTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic equilibrium, the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (tt) is 0.16. What are the allele frequencies of T and t, and what are the expected frequencies of the TT and Tt genotypes?arrow_forwardHow Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? The MN blood group is a single-gene, two-allele system in which each allele is codominant. Why are such codominant alleles ideal for studies of allele frequencies in a population?arrow_forward
- In a large herd of 5468 sheep, 76 animals have yellow fat, and the rest of the members of the herd have white fat. Yellow fat is inherited as a recessive trait. This herd is assumed to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A. What are the frequencies of the white and yellow fat alleles in this population? B. Approximately how many sheep with white fat are heterozygous carriers of the yellow allele?arrow_forwardRecall that the Hardy-Weinberg model makes the following assumptions: No mutations Extremely large population No gene flow No selection You score flower colour in a very large natural population where flower colour is a co-dominant trait where white and red are homozygotes (CWCW and CRCR) and pink are heterozygotes (CWCR). Taking your observed phenotypes and genotypes, you apply the Hardy-Weinberg principle and find an excess of homozygous individuals (that is, individuals with either white or red flowers). Give two plausible explanations for this excess of homozygotes in the natural population.arrow_forward10,000 individuals are sampled from a population and are found to display one of three blood types: AA with 6800 individuals, AB with 2800 individuals and type BB with 400 individuals. a) What is the frequency of each genotype in the population? b) What is the frequency of the A allele? c) What is the frequency of the B allele?arrow_forward
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