EBK INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AND ITS
EBK INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AND ITS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781305176386
Author: Snyder
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 1A.5, Problem 1TTA
To determine

To explain the operation of OPEC in term of demand and supply model.

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Explanation of Solution

The following figure shows the effects on supply and demand:

  EBK INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AND ITS, Chapter 1A.5, Problem 1TTA

In the case of the oil market, when supply decreases, the response depends on the time horizon. The operation of OPEC varies in the short-run and in the long run.

Fig A. shows that when the demand and supply is inelastic, then the shift in supply curve (S1 to S2) leads to a greater increase in price.

However, in the long run, when supply and demand is elastic, then shift in supply curve (S1 to S2) in fig b. leads to a small increase in price (P1 to P2). Thus, in the shortrun, the price increases to at a greater degree as compared to the long run.

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Suppose that the world price of oil is roughly ​$100.00 per barrel and that the world demand and total world supply of oil equal 34 billion barrels per year​ (bb/yr), with a competitive supply of 20​ bb/yr and 14​ bb/yr from OPEC. Statistical studies have shown that the short−run price elasticity of demand for oil is −0.05​, and the short−run competitive price elasticity of supply is 0.10. Using this​ information, derive linear demand and competitive supply curves for oil. Let the demand curve be of the general form Q=a−bP and the competitive supply curve be of the general form Q=c+​dP, where​ a, b,​ c, and d are constants.   The equation for the short−run demand curve is? The equation for the short−run competitive supply curve is
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