a) Indole STRUCTURE GIVEN IN QUESTION Interpretation: The structure of indole is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn. Concept introduction: In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH 3 ; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH 2 ; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it can form one double bond and a single bond or three single bonds. To draw: The skeletal structure of indole.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Indole STRUCTURE GIVEN IN QUESTION

Interpretation:

The structure of indole is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it can form one double bond and a single bond or three single bonds.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of indole.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of indole is C₈H₇N. It has bicyclic structure consisting of a six membered benzene ring fused to a five membered pyrrole ring. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. A three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it is in a three way intersection as NH.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 2

Interpretation Introduction

b) 1,3- pentadiene

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,3- pentadiene is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1,3- pentadiene is C₅H₈. It has two double bonds, one between C₁-C₂ and another between C₃-C₄. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH. Based on these concepts the structure of 1,3- pentadiene can be written.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 4

Interpretation Introduction

c) 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene is C₅H₈Cl₂. A cyclopentane ring is made up of five methylene groups. In 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene the two chlorine atoms are bonded to the first and second carbons replacing one hydrogen on each. They are shown in the skeletal structure.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 6

Interpretation Introduction

d) benzoquinone

Interpretation:

The structure of benzoquinone is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of benzoquinone is C₆H₄O₂. The six carbons form a six membered ring with first and fourth carbons as carbonyl groups. The other four carbons have one hydrogen each.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 8

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Indole STRUCTURE GIVEN IN QUESTION

Interpretation:

The structure of indole is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it can form one double bond and a single bond or three single bonds.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of indole.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of indole is C₈H₇N. It has bicyclic structure consisting of a six membered benzene ring fused to a five membered pyrrole ring. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. A three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it is in a three way intersection as NH.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 2

Interpretation Introduction

b) 1,3- pentadiene

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,3- pentadiene is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1,3- pentadiene is C₅H₈. It has two double bonds, one between C₁-C₂ and another between C₃-C₄. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH. Based on these concepts the structure of 1,3- pentadiene can be written.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 4

Interpretation Introduction

c) 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene is C₅H₈Cl₂. A cyclopentane ring is made up of five methylene groups. In 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene the two chlorine atoms are bonded to the first and second carbons replacing one hydrogen on each. They are shown in the skeletal structure.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 6

Interpretation Introduction

d) benzoquinone

Interpretation:

The structure of benzoquinone is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of benzoquinone is C₆H₄O₂. The six carbons form a six membered ring with first and fourth carbons as carbonyl groups. The other four carbons have one hydrogen each.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 8

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Indole STRUCTURE GIVEN IN QUESTION

Interpretation:

The structure of indole is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it can form one double bond and a single bond or three single bonds.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of indole.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of indole is C₈H₇N. It has bicyclic structure consisting of a six membered benzene ring fused to a five membered pyrrole ring. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. A three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it is in a three way intersection as NH.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 2

Interpretation Introduction

b) 1,3- pentadiene

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,3- pentadiene is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1,3- pentadiene is C₅H₈. It has two double bonds, one between C₁-C₂ and another between C₃-C₄. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH. Based on these concepts the structure of 1,3- pentadiene can be written.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 4

Interpretation Introduction

c) 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene is C₅H₈Cl₂. A cyclopentane ring is made up of five methylene groups. In 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene the two chlorine atoms are bonded to the first and second carbons replacing one hydrogen on each. They are shown in the skeletal structure.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 6

Interpretation Introduction

d) benzoquinone

Interpretation:

The structure of benzoquinone is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of benzoquinone is C₆H₄O₂. The six carbons form a six membered ring with first and fourth carbons as carbonyl groups. The other four carbons have one hydrogen each.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 8

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Indole STRUCTURE GIVEN IN QUESTION

Interpretation:

The structure of indole is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it can form one double bond and a single bond or three single bonds.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of indole.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of indole is C₈H₇N. It has bicyclic structure consisting of a six membered benzene ring fused to a five membered pyrrole ring. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. A three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it is in a three way intersection as NH.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 2

Interpretation Introduction

b) 1,3- pentadiene

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,3- pentadiene is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1,3- pentadiene is C₅H₈. It has two double bonds, one between C₁-C₂ and another between C₃-C₄. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH. Based on these concepts the structure of 1,3- pentadiene can be written.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 4

Interpretation Introduction

c) 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene is C₅H₈Cl₂. A cyclopentane ring is made up of five methylene groups. In 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene the two chlorine atoms are bonded to the first and second carbons replacing one hydrogen on each. They are shown in the skeletal structure.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 6

Interpretation Introduction

d) benzoquinone

Interpretation:

The structure of benzoquinone is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of benzoquinone is C₆H₄O₂. The six carbons form a six membered ring with first and fourth carbons as carbonyl groups. The other four carbons have one hydrogen each.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 8

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Indole STRUCTURE GIVEN IN QUESTION

Interpretation:

The structure of indole is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it can form one double bond and a single bond or three single bonds.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of indole.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of indole is C₈H₇N. It has bicyclic structure consisting of a six membered benzene ring fused to a five membered pyrrole ring. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. A three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it is in a three way intersection as NH.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 2

Interpretation Introduction

b) 1,3- pentadiene

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,3- pentadiene is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1,3- pentadiene is C₅H₈. It has two double bonds, one between C₁-C₂ and another between C₃-C₄. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH. Based on these concepts the structure of 1,3- pentadiene can be written.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 4

Interpretation Introduction

c) 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene is C₅H₈Cl₂. A cyclopentane ring is made up of five methylene groups. In 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene the two chlorine atoms are bonded to the first and second carbons replacing one hydrogen on each. They are shown in the skeletal structure.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 6

Interpretation Introduction

d) benzoquinone

Interpretation:

The structure of benzoquinone is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of benzoquinone is C₆H₄O₂. The six carbons form a six membered ring with first and fourth carbons as carbonyl groups. The other four carbons have one hydrogen each.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 8

Answer 6

Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Indole STRUCTURE GIVEN IN QUESTION

Interpretation:

The structure of indole is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it can form one double bond and a single bond or three single bonds.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of indole.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of indole is C₈H₇N. It has bicyclic structure consisting of a six membered benzene ring fused to a five membered pyrrole ring. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. A three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it is in a three way intersection as NH.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 2

Answer 7

Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Indole STRUCTURE GIVEN IN QUESTION

Interpretation:

The structure of indole is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it can form one double bond and a single bond or three single bonds.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of indole.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 1

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of indole is C₈H₇N. It has bicyclic structure consisting of a six membered benzene ring fused to a five membered pyrrole ring. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. A three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. Nitrogen is trivalent and it is in a three way intersection as NH.

Answer 13

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of indole is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 2

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

b) 1,3- pentadiene

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,3- pentadiene is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1,3- pentadiene is C₅H₈. It has two double bonds, one between C₁-C₂ and another between C₃-C₄. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH. Based on these concepts the structure of 1,3- pentadiene can be written.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 4

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

b) 1,3- pentadiene

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,3- pentadiene is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 3

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of 1,3- pentadiene is C₅H₈. It has two double bonds, one between C₁-C₂ and another between C₃-C₄. In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH. Based on these concepts the structure of 1,3- pentadiene can be written.

Answer 21

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,3- pentadiene is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 4

Answer 22

Interpretation Introduction

c) 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene is C₅H₈Cl₂. A cyclopentane ring is made up of five methylene groups. In 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene the two chlorine atoms are bonded to the first and second carbons replacing one hydrogen on each. They are shown in the skeletal structure.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 6

Answer 23

Interpretation Introduction

c) 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen, CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane.

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 5

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene is C₅H₈Cl₂. A cyclopentane ring is made up of five methylene groups. In 1,2- dichlorocyclopentene the two chlorine atoms are bonded to the first and second carbons replacing one hydrogen on each. They are shown in the skeletal structure.

Answer 29

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of 1,2- dichloro cyclopentane is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 6

Answer 30

Interpretation Introduction

d) benzoquinone

Interpretation:

The structure of benzoquinone is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of benzoquinone is C₆H₄O₂. The six carbons form a six membered ring with first and fourth carbons as carbonyl groups. The other four carbons have one hydrogen each.

Conclusion

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 8

Answer 31

Interpretation Introduction

d) benzoquinone

Interpretation:

The structure of benzoquinone is given. Its skeletal structure is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.

To draw:

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone.

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 42AP

The skeletal structure of benzoquinone is

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1.SE, Problem 42AP , additional homework tip 7

Answer 33

Expert Solution

Answer 34

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Explanation of Solution

In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of benzoquinone is C₆H₄O₂. The six carbons form a six membered ring with first and fourth carbons as carbonyl groups. The other four carbons have one hydrogen each.