Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 124GQ

Write the molecular formula and calculate the molar mass for each of the molecules shown here. Which has the largest mass percent of carbon? Of oxygen?

(a) ethylene glycol (used in antifreeze)Chapter 2, Problem 124GQ, Write the molecular formula and calculate the molar mass for each of the molecules shown here. Which , example  1

(b) dihydroxyacetone (used in artificial tanning lotions)

Chapter 2, Problem 124GQ, Write the molecular formula and calculate the molar mass for each of the molecules shown here. Which , example  2

(c) ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C

Chapter 2, Problem 124GQ, Write the molecular formula and calculate the molar mass for each of the molecules shown here. Which , example  3

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Molar mass and molecular formula of the given compound should be determined and the compound which has the largest mass percent of carbon and oxygen also has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

  • Moleofsubstance=GramofsubstanceMolarmass
  • A chemical formula conveys us the number of atoms of each element in a compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the compound as well as how many are for each element in the form of subscripts
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol)
  • Mass percentage is one way to represent the concentration of an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. Mass percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of mass of element to the mass of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.

Answer to Problem 124GQ

  GivenCompoundsMolecularformulaMolarmass(g/mol)a)EthyleneglycolC2H6O262.02b)DihydroacetoneC3H6O390.03c)AscorbicacidC6H8O6176.06

The compound c (ascorbic acid) has high mass percentage of oxygen and high mass percentage of carbon.

Explanation of Solution

Given,

Compound a is,

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 2, Problem 124GQ , additional homework tip  1

There are two carbon atoms, two oxygen atoms and six hydrogen atoms

Then molecular formula of this compound is C2H6O2

Molar mass of ethylene glycol can be calculated as follows,

(12.01massofC)+(1massofH)+(16massofO)=62.02g/mol

Given

Compound b is,

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 2, Problem 124GQ , additional homework tip  2

There are three carbon atoms, three oxygen atoms and six hydrogen atoms

Then molecular formula of this compound is C3H6O3

Molar mass of dihydroxyacetone can be calculated as follows,

(12.01massofC)+(1massofH)+(16massofO)=90.03g/mol

Similarly,

The given structure of compound c is,

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 2, Problem 124GQ , additional homework tip  3

There are six carbon atoms, six oxygen atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.

Then molecular formula of this compound is C6H8O6

Molar mass of ascorbic acid can be calculated as follows,

  (12.01massofC)+(1massofH)+(16massofO)=176.06g/mol

Mass percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of mass of element to the mass of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.

The molecular formula of the given compound a is C2H6O2 and its molar mass is 62.02g/mol

And this compound namely Ethylene glycol contains two carbon atoms, molar mass of carbon atom is 12.01g/mol

Molar mass of carbon in compound is 2×12.01=24.02g/mol.

MasspercentofCarboninC2H6O2=MolarmassofcarbonMolarmassofC2H6O2×100 =24.0262.02×100 =38.72%

Similarly, Molar mass of oxygen in compound 2×16=32g/mol

MasspercentofoxygeninC2H6O2=MolarmassofoxygenMolarmassofC2H6O2×100 =3262.02×100 =51.6%

The molecular formula of the given compound b is C3H6O3 and its molar mass is 90.03g/mol

And this compound namely Dihydroxyacetone contains three carbon atoms, molar mass of carbon atom is 12.01g/mol

Molar mass of Carbon in compound is 3×12.01=36.03g/mol.

MasspercentofCarboninC3H6O3=MolarmassofcarbonMolarmassofC3H6O3×100 =36.0390.03×100 =40.01%

Molar mass of oxygen in compound is 3×16=48g/mol.

MasspercentofoxygeninC3H6O3=MolarmassofoxygenMolarmassofC3H6O3×100 =4890.03×100 =53.3%

The molecular formula of the given compound c is C6H8O6 and its molar mass is 176.06g/mol.

And this compound namely ascorbic acid, vitamin C contains six carbon atoms and six oxygen atoms. Molar mass of carbon atom is 12.01g/mol and the molar mass of oxygen is 16g/mol.

Molar mass of carbon in compound is 6×12.01=72.06g/mol.

MasspercentofCarboninC6H8O6=MolarmassofcarbonMolarmassofC6H8O6×100 =72.06176.06×100 =40.9%

Similarly, Molar mass of oxygen in compound is 6×16=96g/mol

  MasspercentofoxygeninC6H8O6=MolarmassofoxygenMolarmassofC3H6O3×100 =96176.06×100 =54.52%

From the above calculations it is clear that the compound c (ascorbic acid) has high mass percentage of oxygen and high mass percentage of carbon.

Conclusion

Molecular formulas, molar mass of the given compound were determined and compound which has high mass percentage of carbon and oxygen in it was identified.

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

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