Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 156GQ

Uranium is used as a fuel, primarily in the form of uranium(IV) oxide, in nuclear power plants. This question considers some uranium chemistry.

(a) A small sample of uranium metal (0.169 g) is heated to between 800 and 900 °C in air to give 0.199 g of a dark green oxide, UxOy How many moles of uranium metal were used? What is the empirical formula of the oxide, UxOy? What is the name of the oxide? How many moles of UxOy must have been obtained?

(b) The naturally occurring isotopes of uranium are 234U, 235U, and 238U. Knowing that uranium’s atomic weight is 238.02 g/mol, which isotope must be the most abundant?

(c) If the hydrated compound UO2(NO3)2 · z H2O is heated gently, the water of hydration is lost. If you have 0.865 g of the hydrated compound and obtain 0.679 g of UO2(NO3)2 on heating, how many waters of hydration are in each formula unit of the original compound? (The oxide Ux, Oy is obtained if the hydrate is heated to temperatures over 800°C in the air.)

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The moles of uranium, empirical formula of oxide UxOy, name of UxOy and the moles obtained should be determined under given conditions.

Concept introduction:

  • Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.
  • Equation for number moles from mass and molar mass,

  Numberofmoles=MassingramsMolarmass

  • Mass percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of mass of element to the mass of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.
  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mole (g/mol).

Answer to Problem 156GQ

Empirical formula of the compound U2O5

Name: Uranium(V)oxide

Amount of uranium metal used is 7.1×10-4mol

Explanation of Solution

Here,

A small sample of uranium metal (0.169 g) is heated to between 800and9000C in air to give 0.199g of product UxOy

Then the amount of uranium used in this process can be calculated as follows,

  Massofuraniummetal=0.169gMolarmassofuranium=238.02g/molAmountofuranium=0.169g238.02g/mol =7.1×10-4mol

  Massofoxygenreacted =0.199g0.169g =0.030gMolesofoxygenreacted =0.030g16g/mol=1.875×103mole

The mole ratio between the elements is,

Ti:O=7.1×104:1.875×103

Dividing the every element’s number of moles by the smallest number of mole.

  U:O=7.1×10-47.1×10-4:1.875×10-37.1×10-4 =1:2.5

Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.

To get the whole number ration between these elements multiplying the above mentioned ratio by 2.

  U:O =(1:2.5) =2:52U:5O

Thus the empirical formula of the compound is U2O5

This compound can be named as Uranium(V)oxide

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The most abundant isotope from naturally occurring isotopes should be identified using given atomic weight of uranium.

Concept introduction:

  • Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.
  • Equation for number moles from mass and molar mass,

  Numberofmoles=MassingramsMolarmass

  • Mass percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of mass of element to the mass of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.
  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mole (g/mol).

Answer to Problem 156GQ

238U is the most abundant isotope of uranium.

Explanation of Solution

Given

Three isotopes of Uranium are:

            234U235U238U

Among these isotopes uranium – 238 238U is the most abundant isotope.  The actual atomic mass of uranium is 238.  Mass of  238U isotope closes to the actual mass of uranium atom. So there is a possibility to be more stable also.

Therefore the most abundant isotope of uranium atom is uranium – 238, 238U.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The waters of hydration in each formula unit of original given compound should be identified by using given data.

Concept introduction:

  • Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.
  • Equation for number moles from mass and molar mass,

  Numberofmoles=MassingramsMolarmass

  • Mass percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of mass of element to the mass of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.
  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mole (g/mol)

Answer to Problem 156GQ

Value of z in the UO2(NO3)2.zH2O compound is 6

Explanation of Solution

When 0.865g of hydrated compound (UO2(NO3)2.zH2O ) is heated, 0.679g of anhydrate compound produced.

  Massofwaterlost=0.865g0.679g=0.186g

Then Amount of water =0.186g18.01g/mol=0.01032mol

  AmountofUO2(NO3)2=0.679gUO2(NO3)2394.0375gUO2(NO3)2/mol =0.00172mol

Formula unit z in the compound is,

  0.010547molH2O0.00172molUO2(NO3)2=6.13

For convenience this value rounded to the nearest whole number to find z,

Thus,

Value of z in the UO2(NO3)2.zH2O compound is 6

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Chapter 2 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Ch. 2.7 - Hydrated nickel(II) chloride is a beautiful green,...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.12CYUCh. 2.8 - Prob. 1.1ACPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 1.2ACPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.1ACPCh. 2.8 - Salvarsan was long thought to be a single...Ch. 2.8 - To determine the density of atmospheric nitrogen....Ch. 2.8 - The density of a mixture of gases may be...Ch. 2.8 - Atmospheric argon is a mixture of three stable...Ch. 2.8 - Given that the density of argon is 1.78 g/L under...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1PSCh. 2 - Define mass number. What is the difference between...Ch. 2 - An atom has a very small nucleus surrounded by an...Ch. 2 - A gold atom has a radius of 145 pm. If you could...Ch. 2 - Give the complete symbol(ZAX), including atomic...Ch. 2 - Give the complete symbol(ZAX), including atomic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7PSCh. 2 - Atomic structure. (a) The synthetic radioactive...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9PSCh. 2 - In 1886 Eugene Goldstein observed positively...Ch. 2 - Marie Curie was born in Poland but studied and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12PSCh. 2 - The mass of an 16 O atom is 15.995 u. What is its...Ch. 2 - What is the mass of one 16O atom, in grams? (The...Ch. 2 - Cobalt has three radioactive isotopes used in...Ch. 2 - Naturally occurring silver exists as two isotopes...Ch. 2 - Name and describe the composition of the three...Ch. 2 - Which of the following are isotopes of element X,...Ch. 2 - Thallium has two stable isotopes, 203TIand 205Tl....Ch. 2 - Strontium has four stable isotopes. Strontium-84...Ch. 2 - Verify that the atomic weight of lithium is 6.94,...Ch. 2 - Verify that the atomic weight of magnesium is...Ch. 2 - Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes, 69Ga...Ch. 2 - Europium has two stable isotopes, 151Eu and 153Eu,...Ch. 2 - Titanium and thallium have symbols that are easily...Ch. 2 - In Groups 4A-6A, there are several elements whose...Ch. 2 - How many periods of the periodic table have 8...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28PSCh. 2 - Prob. 29PSCh. 2 - Prob. 30PSCh. 2 - Classify the following elements as metals,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 32PSCh. 2 - Prob. 33PSCh. 2 - Prob. 34PSCh. 2 - What is the charge on the common monatomic ions of...Ch. 2 - What is the charge on the common monatomic ions of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 37PSCh. 2 - Prob. 38PSCh. 2 - When a potassium atom becomes a monatomic ion, how...Ch. 2 - When oxygen and sulfur atoms become monatomic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 41PSCh. 2 - Prob. 42PSCh. 2 - Give the formula and the number of each ion that...Ch. 2 - Give the formula and the number of each ion that...Ch. 2 - Prob. 45PSCh. 2 - Prob. 46PSCh. 2 - Prob. 47PSCh. 2 - Prob. 48PSCh. 2 - Prob. 49PSCh. 2 - Prob. 50PSCh. 2 - Prob. 51PSCh. 2 - Prob. 52PSCh. 2 - Write the formulas for the four ionic compounds...Ch. 2 - Write the formulas for the four ionic compounds...Ch. 2 - Sodium ions, Na+, form ionic compounds with...Ch. 2 - Consider the two ionic compounds NaCl and CaO. In...Ch. 2 - Prob. 57PSCh. 2 - Name each of the following binary, nonionic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 59PSCh. 2 - Prob. 60PSCh. 2 - Calculate the mass, in grams, of each the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass, in grams, of each the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the amount (moles) represented by each...Ch. 2 - Calculate the amount (moles) represented by each...Ch. 2 - You are given 1.0-g samples of He, Fe, Li, Si, and...Ch. 2 - You are given 0.10-g samples of K, Mo, Cr, and Al....Ch. 2 - Analysis of a 10.0-g sample of apatite (a major...Ch. 2 - A semiconducting material is composed of 52 g of...Ch. 2 - Calculate the molar mass of each of the following...Ch. 2 - Calculate the molar mass of each of the following...Ch. 2 - Calculate the molar mass of each hydrated...Ch. 2 - Prob. 72PSCh. 2 - What mass is represented by 0.0255 mol of each of...Ch. 2 - Assume you have 0.123 mol of each of the following...Ch. 2 - Sulfur trioxide, SO3, is made industrially in...Ch. 2 - How many ammonium ions and how many sulfate ions...Ch. 2 - Acetaminophen, whose structure is drawn below, is...Ch. 2 - An Alka-Seltzer tablet contains 324 mg of aspirin...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of each element in the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of each element in the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of copper in CuS,...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of titanium in the...Ch. 2 - Succinic acid occurs in fungi and lichens. Its...Ch. 2 - An organic compound has the empirical formula...Ch. 2 - Prob. 85PSCh. 2 - Complete the following table:Ch. 2 - Acetylene is a colorless gas used as a fuel in...Ch. 2 - A large family of boron-hydrogen compounds has the...Ch. 2 - Cumene, a hydrocarbon, is a compound composed only...Ch. 2 - In 2006, a Russian team discovered an interesting...Ch. 2 - Mandelic acid is an organic acid composed of...Ch. 2 - Nicotine, a poisonous compound found in tobacco...Ch. 2 - A compound containing xenon and fluorine was...Ch. 2 - Elemental sulfur (1.256 g) is combined with...Ch. 2 - Epsom salt is used in tanning leather and in...Ch. 2 - You combine 1.25 g of germanium, Ge, with excess...Ch. 2 - The mass spectrum of nitrogen dioxide is...Ch. 2 - The mass spectrum of phosphoryl chloride. POF3, is...Ch. 2 - The mass spectrum of CH3Cl is illustrated here....Ch. 2 - Prob. 100PSCh. 2 - Fill in the blanks in the table (one column per...Ch. 2 - Potassium has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - Crossword Puzzle: In the 2 2 box shown here, each...Ch. 2 - The following chart shows a general decline in...Ch. 2 - Copper atoms. (a) What is the average mass of one...Ch. 2 - Prob. 106GQCh. 2 - Prob. 107GQCh. 2 - Identify two nonmetallic elements that have...Ch. 2 - Prob. 109GQCh. 2 - Prob. 110GQCh. 2 - Prob. 111GQCh. 2 - When a sample of phosphorus burns in air, the...Ch. 2 - Although carbon-12 is now used as the standard for...Ch. 2 - A reagent occasionally used in chemical synthesis...Ch. 2 - Prob. 115GQCh. 2 - Prob. 116GQCh. 2 - Which of the following compounds has the highest...Ch. 2 - Which of the following samples has the largest...Ch. 2 - The structure of one of the bases in DNA, adenine,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 120GQCh. 2 - A drop of water has a volume of about 0.050 mL....Ch. 2 - Capsaicin, the compound that gives the hot taste...Ch. 2 - Prob. 123GQCh. 2 - Write the molecular formula and calculate the...Ch. 2 - Malic acid, an organic acid found in apples,...Ch. 2 - Your doctor has diagnosed you as being anemicthat...Ch. 2 - A compound composed of iron and carbon monoxide,...Ch. 2 - Ma huang, an extract from the ephedra species of...Ch. 2 - Saccharin, a molecular model of which is shown...Ch. 2 - Prob. 130GQCh. 2 - Write the formula for each of the following pounds...Ch. 2 - Complete the table by placing symbols, formulas,...Ch. 2 - Empirical and molecular formulas. (a)...Ch. 2 - Cacodyl, a compound containing arsenic, was...Ch. 2 - The action of bacteria on meat and fish produces a...Ch. 2 - In the laboratory you combine 0.125 g of nickel...Ch. 2 - A compound called MMT was once used to boost the...Ch. 2 - Elemental phosphorus is made by heating calcium...Ch. 2 - Chromium is obtained by heating chromium(III)...Ch. 2 - Stibnite, Sb2S3, is a dark gray mineral from which...Ch. 2 - Direct reaction of iodine (I2) and chlorine (Cl2)...Ch. 2 - In a reaction, 2.04 g of vanadium combined with...Ch. 2 - Iron pyrite, often called fools gold, has the...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements about 57.1 g of...Ch. 2 - The formula of barium molybdate is BaMoO4. Which...Ch. 2 - A metal M forms a compound with the formula MCl4....Ch. 2 - Pepto-Bismol, which can help provide relief for an...Ch. 2 - The weight percent of oxygen in an oxide that has...Ch. 2 - The mass of 2.50 mol of a compound with the...Ch. 2 - The elements A and Z combine to produce two...Ch. 2 - Polystyrene can be prepared by heating styrene...Ch. 2 - A sample of hemoglobin is found to be 0.335% iron....Ch. 2 - Consider an atom of 64Zn. (a) Calculate the...Ch. 2 - Estimating the radius of a lead atom. (a) You are...Ch. 2 - A piece of nickel foil, 0.550 mm thick and 1.25 cm...Ch. 2 - Uranium is used as a fuel, primarily in the form...Ch. 2 - In an experiment, you need 0.125 mol of sodium...Ch. 2 - Mass spectrometric analysis showed that there are...Ch. 2 - If Epsom salt, MgSO4 x H2O, is heated to 250 C,...Ch. 2 - The alum used in cooking is potassium aluminum...Ch. 2 - Tin metal (Sn) and purple iodine (I2) combine to...Ch. 2 - When analyzed, an unknown compound gave these...Ch. 2 - Two general chemistry students working together in...Ch. 2 - To find the empirical formula of tin oxide, you...Ch. 2 - Prob. 165SCQCh. 2 - Prob. 166SCQCh. 2 - The photo here depicts what happens when a coil of...Ch. 2 - A jar contains some number of jelly beans. To find...
Knowledge Booster
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
    Recommended textbooks for you
  • Chemistry: The Molecular Science
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781285199047
    Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781337399074
    Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781337399425
    Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
  • Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781133949640
    Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Chemistry for Engineering Students
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781337398909
    Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Chemistry: Principles and Practice
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9780534420123
    Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
  • Chemistry: The Molecular Science
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781285199047
    Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781337399074
    Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781337399425
    Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781133949640
    Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Chemistry for Engineering Students
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781337398909
    Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Chemistry: Principles and Practice
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9780534420123
    Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Step by Step Stoichiometry Practice Problems | How to Pass ChemistryMole Conversions Made Easy: How to Convert Between Grams and Moles; Author: Ketzbook;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2raanVWU6c;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY