Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications ( 8th International Edition ) ISBN:9781260091991
Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications ( 8th International Edition ) ISBN:9781260091991
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259676512
Author: Kenneth H Rosen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 1RQ
To determine

To explain:

One set is a subset of another set. Also, prove that one set is a subset of another set.

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Explanation of Solution

A set P is a subset of Q if each element of P is also the element of Q.

We have to show that P is a subset of Q.

Suppose that aP.

Thus, aQ.

Therefore, aP implies aQ.

So that PQ.

Hence, P is a subset of Q.

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications ( 8th International Edition ) ISBN:9781260091991

Ch. 2.1 - Determine whether each of these statements is true...Ch. 2.1 - Determine whether these statements are true or...Ch. 2.1 - Determine whether each of these statements is true...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.1 - Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the set of all...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.1 - Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the re1ationships...Ch. 2.1 - Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationships...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.1 - What is the cardinality of each of these sets? {a}...Ch. 2.1 - What is the cardinality of each of these sets? {}...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 23ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.1 - How many elements does each of these sets have...Ch. 2.1 - Determine whether each of these sets is the power...Ch. 2.1 - Prove that P(A)P(B) if and only if AB .Ch. 2.1 - Show that if AC and BD , then ABCDCh. 2.1 - Let A={a,b,c,d} and B={y,z} . Find AB . BA .Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 30ECh. 2.1 - That is the Cartesian product ABC , where A is the...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.1 - Let A={a,b,c} , B={x,y} , and C={0,l} . Find ABC ....Ch. 2.1 - Find A2 if A={0,1,3} A={1,2,a,b}Ch. 2.1 - Find A3 if A={a} A={0,a}Ch. 2.1 - How many different elements does AB have if A has...Ch. 2.1 - How many different elements does ABC have if A has...Ch. 2.1 - How many different elements does An have when A...Ch. 2.1 - Show that ABBA , when A and B are nonempty, unless...Ch. 2.1 - Explain why ABC and (AB)C are not the same.Ch. 2.1 - Explain why (AB)(CD) and A(BC)D are not the same.Ch. 2.1 - Prove or disprove that if A and B are sets, then...Ch. 2.1 - Prove or disprove that if A, B, and C are nonempty...Ch. 2.1 - Translate each of these quantifications into...Ch. 2.1 - Translate each of these quantifications into...Ch. 2.1 - Find the truth set of each of these predicates...Ch. 2.1 - Find the truth set of each of these predicates...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 49ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 50ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 51ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 2.2 - Suppose that A is the set of sophomores at your...Ch. 2.2 - Let A={1,2,3,4,5} and B={0,3,6} . Find AB . AB ....Ch. 2.2 - Let A={a,b,c,d,e} and B={a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h} . Find...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 10ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 2.2 - TABLE 1 Set Identities. Identity Name AU=AA=A...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.2 - Show that if A and B are sets in a universe U then...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 18ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 2.2 - Let A, B, and C be sets. Show that (AB)C=(AC)(BC)...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.2 - Let A and B be subsets of a universal set U. Show...Ch. 2.2 - Let A, B, and C be sets. Use the identity AB=AB ,...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.2 - Prove or disprove that for all sets A, B, and C,...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 38ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 45ECh. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 50ECh. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 52ECh. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 54ECh. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 58ECh. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by AB...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 64ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 65ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 66ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 67ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 68ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 69ECh. 2.2 - The successor of the set A is the set A{A} ....Ch. 2.2 - The Jaccard similarity J(A,B) of the finite sets A...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 72ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 73ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 74ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 75ECh. 2.3 - Why is f not a function from R to R if f(x)=1/x?...Ch. 2.3 - Determine whether f is a function from Z to R if...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 2.3 - Find the domain and range of these functions. Note...Ch. 2.3 - Find the domain and range of these functions. Note...Ch. 2.3 - Find the domain and range of these functions. the...Ch. 2.3 - Find the domain and range of these functions. the...Ch. 2.3 - Find these values. 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.1 2.99 2.99 12+12...Ch. 2.3 - Find these values. 34 78 34 78 3 1 12+32 1252Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 2.3 - Which functions in Exercise 10 are onto? Determine...Ch. 2.3 - Determine whether each of these functions from Z...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.3 - Determine whether f:ZZZ is onto if f(m,n)=2mn ....Ch. 2.3 - Determine whether the function f:ZZZ is onto if...Ch. 2.3 - Consider these functions from the set of students...Ch. 2.3 - Consider these functions from the set of teachers...Ch. 2.3 - Specify a codomain for each of the functions in...Ch. 2.3 - Specify a codomain for each of the functions in...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.3 - Give an explicit formula for a function from the...Ch. 2.3 - Determine whether each of these functions is a...Ch. 2.3 - Determine whether each of these functions is a...Ch. 2.3 - Let f:RR and let f(x)0 for all xR . Show that f(x)...Ch. 2.3 - Let f:RR and 1et f(x)0 for all xR . Show that f(x)...Ch. 2.3 - Prove that a strictly increasing function from R...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.3 - Show that the function f(x)=ex from the set of...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.3 - Let S={1,0,2,4,7} . Find f(S) if f(x)=1 ....Ch. 2.3 - Let f(x)=x2/3 . Find f(S) if S={2,1,0,1,2,3}...Ch. 2.3 - Let f(x)=2x where the domain is the set of real...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.3 - Suppose that g is a function from A to B and f is...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.3 - If f and fog are one-to-one, does it follow that g...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 37ECh. 2.3 - Find fog and gof where f(x)=x2 and g(x)=x+2 , are...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 39ECh. 2.3 - Let f(x)ax+b and g(x)=cx+d , where a, b, c, and d...Ch. 2.3 - Show that the function f(x)ax+b from R to R, where...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 43ECh. 2.3 - Let f be the function from R to R defined by...Ch. 2.3 - Let g(x)=|x| . Find g1({0}) . g1({1,0,1}) ....Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 46ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 47ECh. 2.3 - Show x+12 is the closest integer to the number x...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 49ECh. 2.3 - Show that if x is a real number, then xx=1 if x is...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 51ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 52ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 53ECh. 2.3 - Show that if x is a real number and n is an...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 55ECh. 2.3 - Prove that if x is a real number, then x=x and x=x...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 57ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 58ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 59ECh. 2.3 - How many bytes are required to encode n bits of...Ch. 2.3 - How many bytes are required to encode n bits of...Ch. 2.3 - How many ATM cells (described in Example 30) can...Ch. 2.3 - Data are transmitted over a particular Ethernet...Ch. 2.3 - Draw the graph of the function f(n)=1n2 from Z to...Ch. 2.3 - Draw the graph of the function f(x)=2x from R to...Ch. 2.3 - Draw the graph of the function f(x)=x/2 from R to...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 67ECh. 2.3 - Draw the graph of the function f(x)=x+x/2 from R...Ch. 2.3 - Draw graphs of each of these functions. f(x)=x+12...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 70ECh. 2.3 - Find the inverse function of f(x)=x3+1 .Ch. 2.3 - Suppose that f is an invertible function from Y to...Ch. 2.3 - Let S be a subset of a universal set U. The...Ch. 2.3 - Suppose that f is a function from A to B, where A...Ch. 2.3 - Prove or disprove each of these statements about...Ch. 2.3 - Prove or disprove each of these statements about...Ch. 2.3 - Prove that if x is a positive real number, then...Ch. 2.3 - Let x be a real number. Show that 3x=x+x+13+x+23 .Ch. 2.3 - For each of these partial functions, determine its...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 80ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 81ECh. 2.3 - Show that a set S is infinite if and only if there...Ch. 2.4 - Find these terms of the sequence {an} , where...Ch. 2.4 - What is the term a8 of the sequence {an} if an ,...Ch. 2.4 - What are the terms a0,a1,a2 , and a3 of the...Ch. 2.4 - What are the terms a0,a1,a2 , and a3 of the...Ch. 2.4 - List the first 10 terms of each of these...Ch. 2.4 - List the first lo terms of each of these...Ch. 2.4 - Find at least three different sequences beginning...Ch. 2.4 - Find at least three different sequences beginning...Ch. 2.4 - Find the first five terms of the sequence defined...Ch. 2.4 - Find the first six terms of the sequence defined...Ch. 2.4 - Let an=2n+53n for n=0,1,2,,... Find a0,a1,a2,a3 ,...Ch. 2.4 - Show that the sequence {an} is a solution of the...Ch. 2.4 - Is the sequence {an} a solution of the recurrence...Ch. 2.4 - For each of these sequences find a recurrence...Ch. 2.4 - Show that the sequence {an} is a solution of the...Ch. 2.4 - Find the solution to each of these recurrence...Ch. 2.4 - Find the solution to each of these recurrence...Ch. 2.4 - A person deposits $1000 in an account that yields...Ch. 2.4 - Suppose that the number of bacteria in a colony...Ch. 2.4 - Assume that the population of the world in 2017...Ch. 2.4 - A factory makes custom sports cars at an...Ch. 2.4 - An employee joined a company in 2017 with a...Ch. 2.4 - Find a recurrence relation for the balance B(k)...Ch. 2.4 - Find a recurrence relation for the balance B(k)...Ch. 2.4 - For each of these lists of integers, provide a...Ch. 2.4 - For each of these lists of integers, provide a...Ch. 2.4 - *27. Show that if an denotes the nth positive...Ch. 2.4 - Let an , be the nth term of the sequence 1, 2, 2,...Ch. 2.4 - What are the values of these sums? k=15(k+1)...Ch. 2.4 - What are the values of these sums, where...Ch. 2.4 - What is the value of each of these sums of terms...Ch. 2.4 - Find the value of each of these sums. j=08(1+ ( 1...Ch. 2.4 - Compute each of these double sums. i=12j=13( i+j)...Ch. 2.4 - Compute each of these double sums. i=13j=12( i+j)...Ch. 2.4 - Show that j=1n(aja j1)=ana0 , where a0,a1,...,an...Ch. 2.4 - Use the identity 1/(k(k+1))=1/k1/(k+1) and...Ch. 2.4 - Sum both sides of the identity k2(k21)2=2k1 from...Ch. 2.4 - Use the technique given in Exercise 35, together...Ch. 2.4 - Find k=100200k . (Use Table 2.) TABLE 2 Some...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 40ECh. 2.4 - Find k=1020k2(k3) . (Use Table 2.) TABLE 2 Some...Ch. 2.4 - Find . k=1020(k1)(2k2+1) (Use Table 2.) TABLE 2...Ch. 2.4 - Find a formula for k=0mk , when m is a positive...Ch. 2.4 - Find a formula for k=0mk3 , when m is a positive...Ch. 2.4 - There is also a special notation for products. The...Ch. 2.4 - Express n! using product notation.Ch. 2.4 - Find j=04j! .Ch. 2.4 - Find j=04j! .Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 2.5 - Determine whether each of these sets is finite,...Ch. 2.5 - Determine whether each of these sets is countable...Ch. 2.5 - Determine whether each of these sets is countable...Ch. 2.5 - Show that a finite group of guests arriving at...Ch. 2.5 - Suppose that Hilbert’s Grand Hotel is fully...Ch. 2.5 - Suppose that Hilbert’s Grand Hotel is fully...Ch. 2.5 - Show that a countably infinite number of guests...Ch. 2.5 - Suppose that a countably infinite number of buses,...Ch. 2.5 - Give an example of two uncountable sets A and B...Ch. 2.5 - Give an example of two uncountable sets A and B...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 12ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 15ECh. 2.5 - Show that a subset of a countable set is also...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.5 - Show that if |A|=|B| and |B|=|C| , then |A|=|C| .Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 21ECh. 2.5 - Suppose that A is a countable set. Show that the...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 23ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 25ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 26ECh. 2.5 - Show that the union of a countable number of...Ch. 2.5 - Show that the set Z+Z+ is countableCh. 2.5 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.5 - Show that the set of real numbers that are...Ch. 2.5 - Show that Z+Z+ t is countable by showing that the...Ch. 2.5 - Show that when you substitute (3n+1)2 for each...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.5 - Show that (0, 1) and R have the same cardinality...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.5 - Show that the set of all computer programs in a...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 38ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 39ECh. 2.5 - Show that if S is a set, then there does not exist...Ch. 2.5 - In this exercise, we prove the Schröder-Bernstein...Ch. 2.6 - Let A=[111320461137] . What size is A? What is the...Ch. 2.6 - Find A + B, where A=[104122022],B=[135223230]...Ch. 2.6 - Find AB if A=[2132],B=[0413] A=[110123],B=[321102]...Ch. 2.6 - Find the product AB, where...Ch. 2.6 - Find a matrix A such that [2314]A=[3012] . [Hint:...Ch. 2.6 - Find a matric A such that [132211403]A=[713103137]Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 7ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 8ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 9ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 10ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 11ECh. 2.6 - In this exercise we show that matrix...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.6 - The nn matrix A=[aij] is called a diagonal matrix...Ch. 2.6 - Let A=[1101] . Find a formula for An , whenever n...Ch. 2.6 - Show that (At)t=A .Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.6 - Show that [231121113] Is the inverse of...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 21ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 22ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 23ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 25ECh. 2.6 - Let A=[1101] and B=[0110] Find AB . AB . AB .Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.6 - Find the Boolean product of A and B, where...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.6 - Let A be a zeroone matrix. Show that AA=A . AA=A .Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 34ECh. 2.6 - In this exercise we will show that the Boolean...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1RQCh. 2 - What is the empty set? Show that the empty set is...Ch. 2 - Define |S|, the cardinality of the set S. Give a...Ch. 2 - Define the power set of a set S. When is the empty...Ch. 2 - Define the union. intersection, difference, and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6RQCh. 2 - Explain the relationship between logical...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8RQCh. 2 - Prob. 9RQCh. 2 - Define the inverse of a function. When does a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11RQCh. 2 - Conjecture a formula for the terms of the sequence...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13RQCh. 2 - What is the sum of the terms of the geometric...Ch. 2 - Show that the set of odd integers is countable.Ch. 2 - Prob. 16RQCh. 2 - Prob. 17RQCh. 2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 2 - Prob. 1SECh. 2 - Prob. 2SECh. 2 - Prob. 3SECh. 2 - Prob. 4SECh. 2 - Prob. 5SECh. 2 - Prob. 6SECh. 2 - Prob. 7SECh. 2 - Prob. 8SECh. 2 - Prob. 9SECh. 2 - Prob. 10SECh. 2 - Prob. 11SECh. 2 - Prob. 12SECh. 2 - Prob. 13SECh. 2 - Prob. 14SECh. 2 - Prob. 15SECh. 2 - *16. Suppose that f is a function from the set A...Ch. 2 - Prob. 17SECh. 2 - Prob. 18SECh. 2 - Prob. 19SECh. 2 - Prob. 20SECh. 2 - Prob. 21SECh. 2 - Prob. 22SECh. 2 - Prob. 23SECh. 2 - Prove that if x is a real number, then x/2/2=x/4 .Ch. 2 - Prob. 25SECh. 2 - Prob. 26SECh. 2 - Prove that if m is a positive integer and x is a...Ch. 2 - We define the Ulam numbers by setting u1=1 and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 29SECh. 2 - Determine a rule for generating the terms of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 31SECh. 2 - Prob. 32SECh. 2 - Prob. 33SECh. 2 - Show that the set of all finite subsets of the set...Ch. 2 - Prob. 35SECh. 2 - Prob. 36SECh. 2 - Prob. 37SECh. 2 - Prob. 38SECh. 2 - Prob. 39SECh. 2 - Prob. 40SECh. 2 - Prob. 41SECh. 2 - Prob. 1CPCh. 2 - Prob. 2CPCh. 2 - Prob. 3CPCh. 2 - Prob. 4CPCh. 2 - Prob. 5CPCh. 2 - Prob. 6CPCh. 2 - Prob. 7CPCh. 2 - Prob. 8CPCh. 2 - Prob. 9CPCh. 2 - Prob. 10CPCh. 2 - Prob. 11CPCh. 2 - Prob. 12CPCh. 2 - Prob. 1CAECh. 2 - Prob. 2CAECh. 2 - Use a computational program or programs you have...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4CAECh. 2 - Prob. 5CAECh. 2 - Use a computational program or programs you have...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1WPCh. 2 - Research where the concept of a function first...Ch. 2 - Explain the different ways in which the...Ch. 2 - Define the recently invented EKG sequence and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5WPCh. 2 - Expand the discussion of the continuum hypothesis...
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