Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 21QP
Which of the following statements is not true in comparing mitosis and meiosis?
- a. Twice the number of cells are produced in meiosis as in mitosis.
- b. Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes, unlike mitosis.
- c. Crossing over occurs in meiosis I but not in meiosis II or mitosis.
- d. Meiosis and mitosis both produce cells that are genetically identical.
- e. In both mitosis and meiosis, the parental cell is diploid.
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What is the fundamental difference between mitosis and meiosis?
A.
DNA is replicated twice in meiosis, but only once in mitosis.
B.
The number of DNA molecules per cell nucleus is cut in half in meiosis but remains constant in mitosis.
C.
The number of chromosomes doubles in meiosis, whereas it stays the same in mitosis.
D.
Mitosis involves two cell divisions, whereas meiosis only involves one.
A) At the end of meiosis I, how many chromosomes are in each cell?
B) Are the cells haploid or diploid?
C) Are the chromosomes of the meiosis I products replicated or nonreplicated?
D) During which phase in meiosis I would crossing over have occurred?
In human spermatogenesis, mitosis of a stem cell gives rise to one cell that remains a stem cell and one cell that becomes a spermatogonium. (a) Draw four rounds of mitosis for a stem cell, and label the daughter cells. (b) For one spermatogonium, draw the cells it would produce from one round of mitosis followed by meiosis. Label the cells, and label mitosis and meiosis. (c) Explain what would happen if stem cells divided like spermatogonia.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 2 - Prob. 3CSCh. 2 - Cell Structure Reflects Function What advantages...Ch. 2 - Assign a function(s) to the following cellular...Ch. 2 - How many autosomes are present in a body cell of a...Ch. 2 - Define the following terms: a. chromosome b....Ch. 2 - Human haploid gametes (sperm and eggs) contain: a....Ch. 2 - Prob. 6QPCh. 2 - Prob. 7QP
Ch. 2 - In the cell cycle, at which stages do two...Ch. 2 - Does the cell cycle refer to mitosis as well as...Ch. 2 - It is possible that an alternative mechanism for...Ch. 2 - Identify the stages of mitosis, and describe the...Ch. 2 - Why is cell furrowing important in cell division?...Ch. 2 - A cell from a human female has just undergone...Ch. 2 - During which phases of the mitotic cycle would the...Ch. 2 - Describe the critical events of mitosis that are...Ch. 2 - Mitosis occurs daily in a human being. What type...Ch. 2 - Speculate on how the Hayflick limit may lead to...Ch. 2 - How can errors in the cell cycle lead to cancer in...Ch. 2 - List the differences between mitosis and meiosis...Ch. 2 - In the following diagram, designate each daughter...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements is not true in...Ch. 2 - Match the phase of cell division with the...Ch. 2 - A cell has a diploid number of 6 (2n = 6). a. Draw...Ch. 2 - A cell (2n = 4) has undergone cell division....Ch. 2 - We are following the progress of human chromosome...Ch. 2 - What is physically exchanged during crossing over?Ch. 2 - Compare meiotic anaphase I with meiotic anaphase...Ch. 2 - Provide two reasons why meiosis leads to genetic...
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- Even though the processes are very similar, mitosis and meiosis are two very distinct processes. What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis? a. Mitosis results in two identical sister cells genetically identical to the original parent cell, while meiosis also starts with diploid but results in haploid cells. b. Mitosis only occurs in plants and single cell organisms, while meiosis only occurs in animals. c. Mitosis starts with diploid but results in haploid cells, while meiosis results in two identical sister cells genetically identical to the original parent cell.arrow_forwardA diploid organism produces four gametes from one parent cell through the process of meiosis. Two gametes are found to have 7 chromosomes and two gametes are found to have 5 chromosomes. A) Is this the expected number of chromosomes that would be found in each gamete following a normal cycle of meiosis? If yes, explain why. If no, explain why not and describe how the gamete situation described above occurred. B) Determine the number of homologous chromosome pairs that the original parent cell contained, before meiosis began. Explain how you determined this value.arrow_forwardThe most notable differences between gamete formation in most animals and gamete formation in plants is that ______________. a) plants produce gametes in somatic tissue, whereas animals produce gametes in germ tissue b) plants produce gametes by mitosis, whereas animals produce gametes by meiosis c) plants produce only one of each gamete, but animals produce many gametes d) plants produce gametes that are diploid, but animals produce gametes that are haploidarrow_forward
- At the end of meiosis in humans, four gametes are produced that are: A. Genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell B. Genetically identical to each other but genetically different from the parent cell C. Genetically different from each other and the parent cell D. Genetically identical to the parent cell from different from each otherarrow_forwardA diploid male organism has two homologous chromosomes. A and B are from its maternal parent, while A’ and B’ are from its paternal parent. Draw the chromosomes at the following stages: a, anaphase of mitosis b. anaphase of the first meiotic division c, anaphase of the second meiotic division If the same chromosomes were involved in meiosis in a female, would the kind of egg nuclei produced be different from the sperm nuclei? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. Meiosis occurs in somatic cells, whereas mitosis is only used to produce germ cells. B. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, whereas meiosis is only used to produce germ cells. C. Meiosis always occurs much more quickly than mitosis. D. Only meiosis includes a separation division step, which occurs during Meiosis I.arrow_forward
- How would each of the following events affect the outcome of mitosis or meiosis? a. Mitotic cohesin fails to form early in mitosis. b. Shugoshin is absent during meiosis. c. Shugoshin does not break down after anaphase I of meiosis. d. Separase is defective.arrow_forwardDuring meiosis, when crossing-over occurs between two homologous chromosomes, it does not happen at a single point, but rather two points with a stretch of DNA in between. What are the two junction points called?What is the region between the two points called and what is different about this region compared to how double-stranded DNA usually is?If the region described in b.) is located within a gene and the two homologues have different alleles of this gene, what might happen that is a direct violation of Mendel’s first law? (Describe the process with 2-3 sentences of detail.)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true regarding homologous pairs of chromosomes? Select all that apply. A. They are the same size B. Their prescence indicates a cell is a diploid C. They are identical copies of one another D. One of the homologous chromosomes in a set is synthesized during S phase E. They line up next to each other during metaphase I of meiosis F. They are separated in anaphase I of meiosisarrow_forward
- As two students, who will be designated Student J and Student K, were studying together, they argued about the differences between Mitosis and Meiosis (both Meiosis I and Meiosis II). Student J maintained that it if they were looking at very good slides under the microscope and concentrated on Metaphase, it would be possible to tell the difference between the cells undergoing Mitosis, the cells undergoing Meiosis I, and the cells undergoing Meiosis II. Student K said it would be impossible to tell which nuclear division was occurring. Assume there are three unlabeled sets of very good slides of the cells of the common pea plant with one set showing Mitosis, one set showing Meiosis I, and one set showing Meiosis II. To repeat, the slides are unlabeled so the students don’t know which process is occurring in which set. However, the students know that the common pea plant has 14 total chromosomes (or 7 pairs of chromosomes). Explain carefully what Student J would be looking for at the…arrow_forwardSketch a series of diagrams showing each of the following, making sure to end each series with haploid cells:(a) How a pair of alleles for a single locus segregate in meiosis(b) How the alleles of two unlinked loci assort independently in meiosis(c) How the alleles of two linked loci undergo genetic recombinationarrow_forwardWhat is the key difference between daughter cells resulting from mitosis and meiosis? In humans, the 4 daughter cells of meiosis contain how many chromosomes? A parent cell has 10 chromosomes. If one daughter cells after mitosis has 9 single chromosomes and the other has 9 single chromosomes and 1 double chromosome, when did the error occur?arrow_forward
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