Organic And Biological Chemistry
Organic And Biological Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305081079
Author: STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.27EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the given molecule has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6).  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as CnH2n.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with one double bond is CnH2n.  Alkene with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-2.  Cycloalkenes with one double bond have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-2.  Cycloalkenes with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-4.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.27EP

The total number of hydrogen atoms present is 14.

Explanation of Solution

Cyclolkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms with ring structure.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkane is CnH2n.  Structure of ethylcyclopentane can be drawn as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 2.27EP , additional homework tip  1

Carbon atoms are present at the intersection and at the end points.  The above structure has six intersections and one end point.  Therefore, there is a total of seven carbon atoms.  The total number of hydrogen atoms can be found by substituting in the general molecular formula as shown below,

  CnH2nC7H(2*7)C7H14

The total number of hydrogen atoms that will be present in the given cycloalkane is found to be fourteen.

Conclusion

The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the molecule is fourteen.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the given molecule has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6).  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as CnH2n.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with one double bond is CnH2n.  Alkene with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-2.  Cycloalkenes with one double bond have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-2.  Cycloalkenes with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-4.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.27EP

The total number of hydrogen atoms present is 12.

Explanation of Solution

Cycloalkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms with ring structure.  The general molecular formula for cycloalkene with one double bond is CnH2n-2.  Structure of ethylcyclopentene can be drawn as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 2.27EP , additional homework tip  2

Carbon atoms are present at the intersection and at the end points.  The above structure has six intersections and one end point.  Therefore, there is a total of seven carbon atoms.  The total number of hydrogen atoms can be found by substituting in the general molecular formula as shown below,

  CnH2n-2C7H(2*7)2C7H12

The total number of hydrogen atoms that will be present in the given cycloalkene is found to be twelve.

Conclusion

The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the molecule is twelve.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the given molecule has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6).  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as CnH2n.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with one double bond is CnH2n.  Alkene with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-2.  Cycloalkenes with one double bond have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-2.  Cycloalkenes with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-4.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.27EP

The total number of hydrogen atoms present is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms with no ring structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with two double bond is CnH2n-2.  Structure of 1,3-butadiene can be drawn as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 2.27EP , additional homework tip  3

Carbon atoms are present at the intersection and at the end points.  The above structure has two intersections and two end points.  Therefore, there is a total of four carbon atoms.  The total number of hydrogen atoms can be found by substituting in the general molecular formula as shown below,

  CnH2n-2C4H(2*4)2C4H6

The total number of hydrogen atoms that will be present in the given alkene is found to be six.

Conclusion

The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the molecule is six.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the given molecule has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6).  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as CnH2n.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with one double bond is CnH2n.  Alkene with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-2.  Cycloalkenes with one double bond have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-2.  Cycloalkenes with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as CnH2n-4.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.27EP

The total number of hydrogen atoms present is 12.

Explanation of Solution

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms with no ring structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with one double bond is CnH2n.  Structure of 2-methyl-2-penten can be drawn as,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 2.27EP , additional homework tip  4

Carbon atoms are present at the intersection and at the end points.  The above structure has three intersections and three end points.  Therefore, there is a total of six carbon atoms.  The total number of hydrogen atoms can be found by substituting in the general molecular formula as shown below,

  CnH2nC6H(2*6)C6H12

The total number of hydrogen atoms that will be present in the given alkene is found to be twelve.

Conclusion

The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the molecule is twelve.

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Organic And Biological Chemistry

Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 4QQCh. 2.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.4 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 3QQCh. 2.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.6 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.6 - Prob. 3QQCh. 2.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.7 - Prob. 3QQCh. 2.8 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 3QQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 4QQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 5QQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 3QQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 4QQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 5QQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 3QQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 4QQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 5QQCh. 2.13 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.13 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.13 - Prob. 3QQCh. 2.14 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.14 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.14 - Prob. 3QQCh. 2.14 - Prob. 4QQCh. 2.15 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.15 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2.15 - Prob. 3QQCh. 2.15 - Prob. 4QQCh. 2.16 - Prob. 1QQCh. 2.16 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2 - Classify each of the following hydrocarbons as...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.2EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.3EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.4EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.5EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.6EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.7EPCh. 2 - Characterize the physical properties of saturated...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.9EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.10EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.11EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.12EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.13EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.14EPCh. 2 - What is the name of the spatial arrangement for...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.16EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.17EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.18EPCh. 2 - Draw a condensed structural formula for each of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.20EPCh. 2 - The following names are incorrect by IUPAC rules....Ch. 2 - The following names are incorrect by IUPAC rules....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.23EPCh. 2 - Draw a condensed structural formula for each of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.25EPCh. 2 - Classify each of the following compounds as...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.27EPCh. 2 - How many hydrogen atoms are present in a molecule...Ch. 2 - Draw a line-angle structural formula for each of...Ch. 2 - Draw a line-angle structural formula for each of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.31EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.32EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.33EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.34EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.35EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.36EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.37EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.38EPCh. 2 - For each of the following pairs of alkenes,...Ch. 2 - For each of the following pairs of alkenes,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.41EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.42EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.43EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.44EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.45EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.46EPCh. 2 - For each molecule, indicate whether cistrans...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.48EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.49EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.50EPCh. 2 - Draw a structural formula for each of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.52EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.53EPCh. 2 - For each of the following molecules, indicate...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.55EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.56EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.57EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.58EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.59EPCh. 2 - How many isoprene units are present in a....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.61EPCh. 2 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.63EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.64EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.65EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.66EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.67EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.68EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.69EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.70EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.71EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.72EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.73EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.74EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.75EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.76EPCh. 2 - Supply the structural formula of the product in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.78EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.79EPCh. 2 - What reactant would you use to prepare each of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.81EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.82EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.83EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.84EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.85EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.86EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.87EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.88EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.89EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.90EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.91EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.92EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.93EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.94EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.95EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.96EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.97EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.98EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.99EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.100EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.101EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.102EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.103EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.104EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.105EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.106EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.107EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.108EPCh. 2 - Assign each of the compounds in Problem 13-107 an...Ch. 2 - Assign each of the compounds in Problem 13-108 an...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.111EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.112EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.113EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.114EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.115EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.116EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.117EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.118EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.119EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.120EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.121EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.122EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.123EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.124EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.125EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.126EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.127EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.128EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.129EPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.130EP
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