General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Question
Chapter 2, Problem 29P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given table is to be completed for the given neutral elements.

Concept introduction:

The electrons in the atoms revolve around the nucleus in different orbits. The nucleus of the atom has two particles, protons and neutrons. The number of proton is the atomic number and the sum of the proton and neutron is the mass number of the atom.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 29P

The complete table is as shown below.

Element SymbolAtomic numberMass NumberNumber of ProtonsNumber of NeutronsNumber of Electrons
aC612666
bP1531151615
cZn3065303530
dMg1224121212
eI53127537453
fBe49454
gZr4091405140
hS1632161616

Explanation of Solution

All the elements are assigned a letter symbol from their name. The symbol is the first or first two letters from the name of the element.

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in its atom.

The mass number of the element is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom.

The protons and neutrons are present in the nucleus of the atom and electrons revolve around the nucleus. The number of electrons and protons are equal in a neutral atom as the electrons and protons are charged bodies.

To complete the given table, the points given above are to be considered.

For the case (a), the data given is the symbol of element C and its mass number 12.

So,

The symbol C is given to the element, carbon with atomic number 6 . The the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons in the atom. Therefore, carbon has 6 electrons as well as 6 protons. Its mass number is 12.

The number of neutrons is calculated by the formula given below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons.

Substitute the given values in the above formula.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons12=Numberofneutrons+6Numberofneutrons=126=6

Hence, carbon with element symbol C has 6 electrons, 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Its atomic number is 6 and mass number is 12.

For the case (b) the data given is its mass number 31 and number of electron is 15.

So, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons in the atom. This atom has 15 electrons and 15 protons as well. Its atomic number is 15 . Its mass number is 31.

The number of neutrons can be calculated by the formula given below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons.

Substitute the given values in the formula below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons31=Numberofneutrons+15Numberofneutrons=3115=16

So, the element is phosphorus as its atomic number is 15 with symbol P . It has 15 electrons, 15 protons and 16 neutrons. Its atomic number is 15 and mass number is 31.

For the case (c), the data given is its number of neutrons 35 , and number of electrons 30.

So, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons in the atom. This atom has 30 electrons therefore 30 protons as well. Its atomic number is 30.

Its number of neutrons is 35 . The mass number can be calculated by the formula given below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons.

Substitute the given values in the above formula

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons=35+30=16

So, the element is zinc as its atomic number is 30 with symbol Zn . It has 30 electrons and 30 protons and 35 neutrons. Its atomic number is 30 and mass number is 65.

For the case (d), the data given is the symbol of element Mg and its mass number 24.

So, the symbol Mg is given to the magnesium with atomic number 12 . As the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons in the atom, therefore magnesium has 12 electrons as well as 12 protons. Its mass number is 24.

The number of neutrons can be calculated by the formula given below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons

Substitute the given values in the above formula.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons24=Numberofneutrons+12Numberofneutrons=2412=12

So, the magnesium element with symbol Mg has 12 electrons and 12 protons and 12 neutrons. Its atomic number is 12 and mass number is 24.

For the case (e), the data given is its number of neutrons 74 , and number of protons 53.

So, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons in the atom. This atom has 53 electrons therefore 53 protons as well.

Its atomic number is 53 . Its number of neutrons is 74 . The mass number can be calculated by the formula given below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons.

Substitute the given values in the above formula

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons=74+53=127

So the element is iodine as its atomic number is 53 with symbol I . It has 53 electrons and 53 protons and 74 neutrons. Its atomic number is 53 and mass number is 127.

For the case (f), the data given is its atomic number 4 and number of neutron is 5.

So, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons in the atom. Its atomic number is 4 . Therefore this atom has 4 electrons and 4 protons as well. Its number of neutron is 5.

The mass number of the element can be calculated by the formula given below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons.

Substitute the given values in the formula below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons=4+5=9

So the element is beryllium as its atomic number is 4 with symbol Be . It has 4 electrons, 4

protons and General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 2, Problem 29P , additional homework tip  1neutrons. Its atomic number is 4

and mass number is General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 2, Problem 29P , additional homework tip  2

For the case (g) the data given is its atomic number 40 and mass number is 91.

So, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons in the atom. Its atomic number is 40 . Therefore this atom has 40 electrons and 40 protons as well. Its mass number is 91.

The number of neutron of the element can be calculated by the formula given below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons.

Substitute the given values in the above formula

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons91=Numberofneutrons+40Numberofneutrons=9140=51

So the element is zirconium as its atomic number is 40 with symbol Zr . It has 40 electrons, 40 protons and 51 neutrons. Its atomic number is 40 and mass number is 91.

For the case (h), the number of neutrons is 16 , and number of electrons is 16.

So, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons in the atom. This atom has 16 electrons therefore 16 protons as well. Its atomic number is 16 . Its number of neutrons is 16.

The mass number can be calculated by the formula given below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons.

Substitute the given values in the formula below.

  Massnumber=Numberofneutrons+Numberofprotons=16+16=32

So the element is sulfur as its atomic number is 16 with symbol S . It has 16 electrons and 16 protons and 16 neutrons. Its atomic number is 16 and mass number is 32.

Conclusion

The table is completed with the symbols of elements and the information about their atoms and nucleus.

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Chapter 2 Solutions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition

Ch. 2.2 - For the given atom: (a) determine the number of...Ch. 2.2 - How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are...Ch. 2.2 - What is the mass number of an atom that contains...Ch. 2.3 - For each atom give the following information: [1]...Ch. 2.3 - Write an isotope symbol for the isotope of...Ch. 2.3 - Magnesium has three isotopes that contain 12, 13,...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2.9PPCh. 2.3 - Calculate the atomic weight of each element given...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2.9PCh. 2.4 - Label each macronutrient in Figure 2.2 in the...Ch. 2.4 - Identify the element fitting each description. an...Ch. 2.4 - Identify each highlighted element in the periodic...Ch. 2.5 - How many electrons are present in each shell,...Ch. 2.6 - What element has each electronic configuration? a....Ch. 2.6 - What element(s) in the first and second period fit...Ch. 2.6 - Draw an orbital diagram for each element; (a)...Ch. 2.6 - Give the electronic configuration for each element...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 2.13PPCh. 2.7 - Determine the number of valence electrons and give...Ch. 2.7 - Give the electron-dot symbol for each element: (a)...Ch. 2.8 - Which element in each pair has the larger atomic...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.16PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.17PPCh. 2.8 - (a) Which of the indicated atoms has the smaller...Ch. 2 - Identify the elements used in each example of...Ch. 2 - Write a chemical formula for each example of...Ch. 2 - Give the name of the elements in each group of...Ch. 2 - What element(s) are designated by each symbol or...Ch. 2 - Does each chemical formula represent an element or...Ch. 2 - Identify the elements in each chemical formula and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23PCh. 2 - Prob. 24PCh. 2 - Give all of the terms that apply to each...Ch. 2 - Give all of the terms that apply to each...Ch. 2 - Give the following information about the atom...Ch. 2 - Give the following information about the atom...Ch. 2 - Prob. 29PCh. 2 - Prob. 30PCh. 2 - Prob. 31PCh. 2 - Consider the four atoms-L, M, N, and X- with the...Ch. 2 - Label each region on the periodic table. Noble...Ch. 2 - Identify each highlighted element in the periodic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 35PCh. 2 - Prob. 36PCh. 2 - Prob. 37PCh. 2 - Prob. 38PCh. 2 - Prob. 39PCh. 2 - Complete the followin table for the two most...Ch. 2 - How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are...Ch. 2 - Give the number of protons, neutrons, and...Ch. 2 - Write the element symbol that fits each...Ch. 2 - Write the element symbol that fits each...Ch. 2 - Calculate the atomic weight of silver, which has...Ch. 2 - Calculate the atomic weight of antimony, which has...Ch. 2 - Prob. 47PCh. 2 - What is the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 2 - Prob. 49PCh. 2 - Use an orbital diagram to write the electronic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 51PCh. 2 - For each element in Problem 2.50: (a) Write out...Ch. 2 - Prob. 53PCh. 2 - Prob. 54PCh. 2 - Give the total number of electrons, the number of...Ch. 2 - Give the total number of electrons, the number of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 57PCh. 2 - Prob. 58PCh. 2 - Prob. 59PCh. 2 - Prob. 60PCh. 2 - Prob. 61PCh. 2 - Which of the following orbital diagrams are...Ch. 2 - Prob. 63PCh. 2 - Prob. 64PCh. 2 - Prob. 65PCh. 2 - Write an electron-dot symbol for each element: (a)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 67PCh. 2 - Prob. 68PCh. 2 - Prob. 69PCh. 2 - Prob. 70PCh. 2 - Prob. 71PCh. 2 - For each pair of elements in Problem 2.70, label...Ch. 2 - Rank the atoms in each group in order of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 74PCh. 2 - Prob. 75PCh. 2 - Prob. 76PCh. 2 - Prob. 77PCh. 2 - Prob. 78PCh. 2 - Prob. 79PCh. 2 - (a) What is the chemical formula for...Ch. 2 - Answer the following questions about the...Ch. 2 - Platinum is a precious metal used in a wide...Ch. 2 - Prob. 83PCh. 2 - Answer the following questions about the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 85CPCh. 2 - Prob. 86CP
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