Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 19P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Based on the reading of F1Fo-ATPase, the conclusion about the mechanism of ATP synthesis should be identified from the given options.
Concept Introduction:
In the mechanism of ATP synthesis, the reaction of 18O exchange takes place. An SN2 reaction is given by the hydrolysis of ATP into Pi. The nucleophile then attacks the y phosphorous and then ATP is released.
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Which of the following is incorrect about the ATP synthase mechanism?
a. It explains how ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and Pi
b. At any moment, each catalytic site has a different conformation and binding affinity
c. It is called the binding change mechanism
d. It involves rotation-driven conformational changes that alter the affinity of each catalytic subunit
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which the free energy obtained from the oxidation of metabolic fuels is used to generate ATP.
(a).Which enzyme reaction controls oxidative phosphorylation?
(b).Describe the way this enzyme controls oxidative phosphorylation
Discuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase.
a) Where is the active site for this enzyme located?
b) How are the amino acid side chains from the α and β subunits of ATP Synthase involved?
c) Discuss the importance of Mg+2 in the mechanism of this enzyme.
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- Consider the steps of the krebs cycle and electron carrier chain and answer: a) How many ATPs are produced from 10 Pyruvato molecules? b) How many ATPs are produced from 12 Acetyl CoA molecules?arrow_forwardOxidative phosphorylation has three reaction products.(a) What is the energy-carrying product?(b) What are the other two products?arrow_forwardWhat is the direct mechanism of ATP synthesis during the electron transport phase of cellular respiration? (what is the potential energy source that drives ATP production?) b) Why is oxygen needed for this phase? c) What is the role of ATP synthasearrow_forward
- What might you expect if a mutation caused the ATP-allosteric site on phosphofructokinase to be permanently inactive? a. Less glucose transported into the cell. b. No effect on ATP production. c. Decreased ATP production d. Excessive ATP production.arrow_forwardA cell in an active catabolic steady state state needs to maintain A. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. B. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. C. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. D. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio.arrow_forwardYou are testing the effects of different molecules on respiration using isolated liver cells that are growing on glucose. For each of the compounds listed below, indicate whether the compound will increase or decrease respiration (measured by monitoring oxygen consumption), and provide reasoning for your answer in two sentences at most. Consider only the early time after the compound begins to exert its effects. a. An inhibitor of the FoF1 ATPase b. A proton channel that enables protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane by facilitated diffusion c. An inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I of the electron transport chain)arrow_forward
- The FADH2 formed during the Krebs cycle enters the electrontransport system at which site?a. NADH dehydrogenase b. complex II c. complex IV d. ATP synthasearrow_forwardPropose an explanation for bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria all having ATP synthase complexes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE of the electron transport chain (ETC)? A. The movement of electrons down the ETC drives the formation of a proton (H+) gradient. B. The movement of H+ ions through ATP synthase drives the transfer of electrons down the ETC. C. The movement of electrons down the ETC drives the movement of ADP and phosphate through ATP synthase. D. The movement of H+ ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria drives the transfer of electrons down the ETC.arrow_forward
- Compare ATP production in the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain, or aerobic respiration. A. Both processes use oxidative phosphorylation. B. Both processes use substrate-level phosphorylation. C. The citric acid cycle uses substrate-level phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses oxidative phosphorylation. D. The citric acid cycle uses oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses substrate-level phosphorylation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is likely to happen in a muscle cell in an anaerobic environment? Question 9 options: a) The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid b) The Krebs Cycle c) Photosynthesis d) The conversion of pyruvic acid to Acetyl CoAarrow_forwardDiscuss why the electron transport chain ceases to operate when actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATP Synthase. Name several specific inhibitors of ATP synthase. How do those inhibitors inhibit ATP synthase? What is the thermodynamic result of this inhibition? Why does the inhibition of the synthase cause inhibition of the ETS?arrow_forward
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