Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 1P

Compare and contrast the terms in each of the following pairs:

a. population and gene pool

b. random mating and inbreeding

c. natural selection and genetic drift

d. a polymorphic trait and a polymorphic gene

e. founder effect and genetic bottleneck

Expert Solution & Answer
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Summary Introduction

To analyze:

To explain the similarities and differences between the terms in each of the following pairs:

population and gene pool random mating and inbreeding natural selection and genetic drift a polymorphic trait and a polymorphic gene founder effect and genetic bottleneck

Introduction:

Group of individuals which are able to inter breed is termed as population. In other hand gene pool is also part of population, but in this case instead of individual we consider collection of allele which are present in a population. Role of individual in a population is differential survival and deferential reproduction. In a population no one individual is considered a best fit, population have relatively fit individual. The relatively fit individual selected by natural selection but in case of genetic drift selection of individual is random processes or chance phenomenon. Genetic drift are also classified in to two groups according to their region of selection of a particular allele i.e. founder effect and bottleneck effect. Founder effect favors fixation of one allele due to the migration some individual, thus, small size population is formed. In this small size population inbreeding is takes place. On the other hand, if small size population is formed because of environmental forces (catastrophe), in bottleneck effect also responsible for fixation or loss of any allele in the population. Bottleneck and founder effect are collectively termed as a genetic drift.

Population having multiple allele contributes polymorphic phenotype or trait to the population and polymorphic genes responsible for these polymorphic traits. In a polymorphic population, allelic frequency is maintained by random matting. Inbreeding is exactly opposite to the random mating, which favors fixation of a particular allele.

Explanation of Solution

Group of individuals which are able to interbreed is termed as population. On the other hand, genes and alleles are groups in gene pool.

Population Gene pool
In a population variation in alleles is less than gene pool. In gene pool variation in allele is higher than population.
Frequency of allele is constant. Due to inbreeding formation of gene pool.
Mostly it having interbreeding organism. Gene pool is termed as genetic variation found in population.
Population carrying the part of gene pool in genome. It provide genetic information which is inherited in next generation.

Random mating has no selection criteria for mating partner. In other hand inbreeding is the mating in related individual that have greater similarity in alleles.

Random mating Inbreeding
Mating partner not selected. Matting occur in between related organism.
Frequency of intermediate or heterozygote population is decrease. Due to inbreeding frequency of homozygous increase in a population.
There is no limitation. It’s having selection criteria, in case of plant have self-fertilization.
Two phenotypes of random mating are positive and negative assertive mating. Mostly affectsexually reproducing organism, which has similarity.

Natural selection is an evolutionary process which mostly selects the relatively fit individual. In the genetic drift chance of fixation of particular allele.

Natural selection. Genetic drift.
It supports the reproductive success of certain member. It mostly affect the small population
In this case no selection criteria. Present generation genes and alleles are different than previous generation.
It is measured in relative finesses of individual. It has straight effect on population.
It has no or very less effect on allelic frequency. It causes major change in allelic frequency.

When multiple alleles are present on one locus it is termed as polymorphic gene. Different phenotype present in same population is termed as polymorphic trait.

Polymorphic trait Polymorphic gene.
It is measured Quantitatively. Multiple genes involved in the one phenotype.
Polymorphic traits has small mutation step. It is used to explain different form of single gene.
Large population is polymorphic. In the population, one locus presents multiple allele.
Height and skin color is the example of polymorphic trait. These genes are studied in human genome project.

Formation and establishment of new small size population through migrations known as founder effect. The phenomenon which generates the large allele frequency error in small population is term as bottleneck.

Genetic bottleneck. Founder effect.
Formation of small size population because of environment. Formation of small size population because of migration.
It carries completely different allelic frequency. Is straightly depends on the size of colonizing group.
Chance of fixation of any allele in a population. Chance of fixation diseased allele in population.
Conclusion

The similarities and differences between the given terms are explained above.

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Chapter 20 Solutions

Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)

Ch. 20 - Figure 20.6 illustrates the effect of an ethanol ...Ch. 20 - 20.12 Biologists have proposed that the use of...Ch. 20 - 20.13 Two populations of deer, one of them large...Ch. 20 - 20.14 Directional selection presents an apparent...Ch. 20 - 20.15 What is inbreeding depression? Why is...Ch. 20 - 20.16 Certain animal species, such as the...Ch. 20 - Genetic Analysis 20.1 predicts the number of...Ch. 20 - 20.18 In a population of rabbits, and . The...Ch. 20 - Sickle cell disease (SCD) is found in numerous...Ch. 20 - 20.20 Epidemiologic data on the population in the...Ch. 20 - The frequency of tasters and nontasters of PTC...Ch. 20 - Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive...Ch. 20 - 20.23 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common...Ch. 20 - 20.24 In the mouse, Mus musculus, survival in...Ch. 20 - 20.25 In a population of flowers growing in a...Ch. 20 - Assume that the flower population described in the...Ch. 20 - 20.27 ABO blood type is examined in a Taiwanese...Ch. 20 - 20.28 A total ofmembers of a Central American...Ch. 20 - 20.29 A sample offield mice contains individuals...Ch. 20 - Prob. 30PCh. 20 - Albinism, an autosomal recessive trait...Ch. 20 - 20.32 The frequency of an autosomal recessive...Ch. 20 - 20.33 Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer...Ch. 20 - Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the...Ch. 20 - The following is a partial pedigree of the British...Ch. 20 - Draw a separate hypothetical pedigree identifying...Ch. 20 - Prob. 37PCh. 20 - 20.38 Achromatopsia is a rare autosomal recessive...Ch. 20 - 20.39 New allopolyploid plant species can arise by...

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  • The continued presence of the allele that causes sickle cell anemia in areas where falciparum malaria is prevalent demonstrates which of the following phenomena? (a) inbreeding depression (b) frequency-dependent selection (c) heterozygote advantage (d) genetic drift (e) a genetic bottleneck
    Which statement best summarizes why genetic drift tends to impact small populations more than large populations? A. Small populations have a heterozygote advantage because heterozygotes are more common than homozygotes. B. Small populations have a smaller gene pool, so random changes influence them more. C. Small populations have a relatively large gene pool, so the founder effect stabilizes their alleles.D. Small populations tend to experience directional selection, making one phenotype more common.
    Biologists sometimes say that “natural selection depends on the specific environment where a species lives.” What does this statement mean? A) A) If populations of a species are in different environments, traits that individuals need to meet their needs in each environment will appear.   B) Traits can be helpful or harmful. If populations of a species are in different environments, some traits that are helpful in one environment might be harmful in another environment.   C) Traits are always either helpful or harmful, and the environment of a population doesn’t matter. If populations of a species are in different environments, the same traits will always be helpful.   D) Species were formed to perfectly match their environment. The traits of individuals in a species depend on the specific environment in which they were created.
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