Chapter 20, Problem 20.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear reaction of the beta emission of $\text{R}\text{u}$ needs to be determined.

$\text{R}\text{u }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{e}\text{ + ?}$

Concept introduction:

The nuclear reactions are a type of chemical process which leads to the formation of some new nuclei with the emission of certain particles. Usually, alpha or beta particles or gamma rays are emitted as a side product with some new daughter nuclei. The nuclear reactions follow the conservation of atomic number and mass number of nuclei. It means the sum of the mass number on both sides should be the same and the sum of the atomic number of nuclei should be the same on both sides.

Answer to Problem 20.1P

$\text{R}\text{u }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{e}\text{ + }\text{R}\text{h}$

Explanation of Solution

In the given nuclear reaction, $\text{R}\text{u }$ _{is involved} in beta decay and emit one beta particle. The beta particle is a negatively charged particle with -1 charge and 0 mass number, hence the daughter nuclei must have one atomic numberless and same mass number as of $\text{R}\text{u }$. The element one atomic number less from $\text{R}\text{h}$, therefore, the balance nuclear reaction must be:

$\text{R}\text{u }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{e}\text{ + }\text{R}\text{h}$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear reaction of the alpha emission of $\text{B}\text{i}$ :

$\text{B}\text{i }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{H}\text{e + ?}$

Concept introduction:

The nuclear reactions are a type of chemical process which leads to the formation of some new nuclei with the emission of certain particles. Usually, alpha or beta particles or gamma rays are emitted as a side product with some new daughter nuclei. The nuclear reactions follow the conservation of atomic number and mass number of nuclei. It means the sum of the mass number on both sides should be the same and the sum of the atomic number of nuclei should be the same on both sides.

Answer to Problem 20.1P

$\text{B}\text{i }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{H}\text{e + }\text{T}\text{l}$

Explanation of Solution

In the given nuclear reaction, $\text{B}\text{i}$ _is involved in alpha emission and emit one alpha particle. Alpha particle is a positively charged particle with +2 charge and 4 mass number, hence the daughter nuclei must have two atomic numberless and 4 mass numberless as of $\text{B}\text{i}$. Therefore, the balance of nuclear reaction must be:

$\text{B}\text{i }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{H}\text{e + }\text{T}\text{l}$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear reaction of the electron capture of $\text{P}\text{o}$ needs to be determined.

$\text{P}\text{o + }\text{e}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ ?}$

Concept introduction:

The nuclear reactions are a type of chemical process which leads to the formation of some new nuclei with the emission of certain particles. Usually, alpha or beta particles or gamma rays are emitted as a side product with some new daughter nuclei. The nuclear reactions follow the conservation of atomic number and mass number of nuclei. It means the sum of the mass number on both sides should be the same and the sum of the atomic number of nuclei should be the same on both sides.

Answer to Problem 20.1P

$\text{P}\text{o + }\text{e}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{B}\text{i}$

Explanation of Solution

In the given nuclear reaction, $\text{P}\text{o}$ _is involved in electron caption and captures one electron. Electron is a negatively charged particle with -1 charge and 0 mass number, hence the daughter nuclei must have one atomic numberless and same mass number as of $\text{P}\text{o}$. Therefore, the balance of nuclear reaction must be:

$\text{P}\text{o + }\text{e}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{B}\text{i}$