Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 20, Problem 20.74E
Determine a rate law for the chlorination of methane assuming that the second step is the rate-determining step and that the first step can be approximated by the steady-state approximation. What is the difference between the answer here and the answer for the previous exercise?
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1ECh. 20 - The oxidation-reduction reaction between iron...Ch. 20 - The oxidation-reduction reaction between iron...Ch. 20 - The rate of the reaction...Ch. 20 - For a certain reaction between NO and O2, the rate...Ch. 20 - For a reaction between SO2 and Cl2, the rate law...Ch. 20 - Consider the chemical reaction A+B+Cproducts...Ch. 20 - For the chemical reaction...Ch. 20 - Explain how a species might be part of a rate law...Ch. 20 - Refer to Example 20.2 and explain whether any...
Ch. 20 - Rate law experiments dont always give data in the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.12ECh. 20 - What must the units on k be for the following rate...Ch. 20 - What must the units on k be for the following rate...Ch. 20 - The reaction 2O33O2 has first-order kinetics and a...Ch. 20 - Digestive processes are first-order processes. The...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.18ECh. 20 - Derive equation 20.15.Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.20ECh. 20 - To a very good approximation, the cooling of a hot...Ch. 20 - Assume that thermal decomposition of mercuric...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.23ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.24ECh. 20 - Derive equation 20.22.Ch. 20 - a Write a rate law and an integrated rate law for...Ch. 20 - Derive an expression for the half-life of a a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.28ECh. 20 - Rewrite equation 20.27 so that it has the form of...Ch. 20 - One can also define a third-life, t1/3, which is...Ch. 20 - The decomposition of NH3: 2NH3N2+3H2 is a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.32ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.33ECh. 20 - When ionic compounds crystallize from a...Ch. 20 - An aqueous reaction that uses the solvent H2O as a...Ch. 20 - The rate law for the reaction...Ch. 20 - If a reaction has the same rate constant, what...Ch. 20 - List at least four experimentally determined...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.39ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.40ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.41ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.42ECh. 20 - What is the value of the equilibrium constant of a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.44ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.45ECh. 20 - Show how equation 20.33 reduces to a simpler form...Ch. 20 - Write expressions like equation 20.37 for a set of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.48ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.49ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.50ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.51ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.52ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.53ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.54ECh. 20 - For what values of time, t, will 210Bi and 206Pb...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.56ECh. 20 - An interesting pair of consecutive reactions...Ch. 20 - Find limiting forms of equation 20.47 for a k1>>k2...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.59ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.60ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.61ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.62ECh. 20 - At room temperature (22C), the rate constant for...Ch. 20 - Recently, researchers studying the kinetics of...Ch. 20 - A reaction has k=1.771061/(Ms) at 25.0C and an...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.66ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.67ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.68ECh. 20 - Nitric oxide, NO, is known to break down ozone,...Ch. 20 - a Suggest a mechanism for the bromination of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.71ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.72ECh. 20 - Determine a rate law for the chlorination of...Ch. 20 - Determine a rate law for the chlorination of...Ch. 20 - A proposed mechanism for the gas-phase...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.76ECh. 20 - The nitration of methanol, CH3OH, by nitrous acid...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.78ECh. 20 - Many gas-phase reactions require some inert body,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.80ECh. 20 - Carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme whose substrate is...Ch. 20 - Show that another form of the Michaelis-Menten...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.83ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.84ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.85ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.86ECh. 20 - Pyrolysis involves heating compounds to break them...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.88ECh. 20 - Label the elementary processes for the reaction...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.90ECh. 20 - What are the rate laws of mechanisms 1 and 2 for...Ch. 20 - Estimate G for an elementary process whose rate...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.93ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.94ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.95ECh. 20 - For the following two reactions H+Cl2HCl+Cl...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.97ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.98ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.99ECh. 20 - Consider a reaction that has two parallel pathways...Ch. 20 - Consider a set of first-order consecutive...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.102E
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- What must the units on k be for the following rate law? rate=k[A]2[B]2arrow_forwardAn aqueous reaction that uses the solvent H2O as a reactant has a given rate law of rate=k[H2O][A] Where A is the other reactant species. Explain why, in most circumstances, this reaction can be defined in terms of pseudo first-order kinetics. What are the units on the rate constant?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between the integrated and differential forms of the rate law?arrow_forward
- Determine a rate law for the chlorination of methane assuming that the first step is the rate-determining step.arrow_forwardFor the chemical reaction Mn2+(aq)+H2O2(aq)products The following data are collected: [Mn2+],M [H2O2],M Initial rate (M/s) 0.740 0.556 3.43102 0.219 0.556 3.01103 0.740 0.662 4.86102 Determine the order with respect to Mn2+ and H2O2, and construct the complete rate law, including the value of the rate law constant.arrow_forwardFor a certain reaction between NO and O2, the rate law is rate=k[NO]2[O2] What is the order with respect to NO? With respect to O2? What is the overall order?arrow_forward
- The rate law for the reaction C6H5OH+HNO2[OHcatalyst]C6H5NO2+H2O is rate=k[C6H5OH][HNO2] At 35.0C, k=7.04103M1s1. If [C6H5OH]=0.0433M and [HNO2]=6.05M, what is the pseudo first-order rate law and what is the value of k?arrow_forwardMany gas-phase reactions require some inert body, usually represented as M, to absorb or supply energy in a collision in order to proceed. In the spontaneous decomposition of ozone, O3, we can suggest the mechanism O3+MO3*+MO3RDSO2+OO+O32O2 for the overall reaction 2O33O2 In the mechanism, O3* refers to an ozone molecule in some energetically excited state that can react spontaneously to form O2 and O atoms. Determine the rate law of the proposed mechanism in terms of O3 and M, where the second step is the rate-determining step. Will adding an inert gas like Ar to a sample of ozone increase or decrease the rate of the reaction?arrow_forwardAn interesting pair of consecutive reactions involve the absorption of ethyl alcohol by the body, which is a first-order process, and the consequent oxidation of alcohol to acetaldehyde by liver alcohol dehydrogenase LADH, which is a zeroth order process. The differential changes in the three states of ethanol can therefore be described as d[A]dt=k1[A]td[B]dt=k1[A]tk2d[C]dt=k2 which are slightly modified from equations 20.46. The integrated form of the first equation is the same as for two consecutive first-order reactions, but for the second and third reactions, they will not be. a What do A, B and C stand for in this example? b Determine an integrated form for [B] over time. Do this by finding an integrated expression for [A]t Hint: Refer to the chapter, substitute for [A]t in the second expression, rearrange the infinitesimals, and integrate one side over [B] as the variable and the other side over time, t, as the variable. The integrations are actually simpler than for the consecutive first-order reaction example in the chapter itself. c Determine an integrated form for [C] over time. d Rough values of k1 and k2 for people are 3.00103s1 and 4.44105mol/s, respectively. Use your expressions for the amounts over time to plot a graph of [A]t, [B]t, and [C]t versus time. A graphing calculator or a computer with a graphing program would be useful. Use 1.00mol of C2H5OH as [A]0. Vary this value and see how it affects the graphs of [A]t, [B]t, and [C]t.arrow_forward
- For a reaction between SO2 and Cl2, the rate law is rate=k[Cl2] What is the order with respect to SO2? With respect to Cl2? What is the overall order?arrow_forwardConsider the chemical reaction A+B+Cproducts Determine the order with respect to A,B,andC, and construct the complete rate law including the value of the rate law constant from the following experimental data. Initial rate (M/s) [A],M [B],M [C],M 6.76106 0.550 0.200 1.15 9.82107 0.210 0.200 1.15 1.68106 0.210 0.333 1.15 9.84107 0.210 0.200 1.77arrow_forwardA proposed mechanism for the gas-phase chlorination of methane is Cl2+CH4CH4Cl+ClCH4ClCH3+HClCH3+Cl2CH3Cl+ClCl+CH4CH3+HCl Suppose the first step is the RDS. What is the expected rate law in terms of the original reactants, Cl2 and CH4? How would you determine if this mechanism might be a potentially correct or, for that matter, a potentially incorrect one?arrow_forward
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