COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135729458
Author: Bennett
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 41EAP
To determine
The Hubble extreme deep field.
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Hubble's First Attempt. Edwin Hubble's first attempt to measure the universe's expansion rate was flawed because the standard candles he was using were not properly calibrated. Look at (Figure 1)
a.Estimate the value of Ho corresponding to the solid line in the figure. Express your answer kilometers per second per million light-years to two significant figures.
b.What is the approximate age of the universe indicated by that erroneous value of Ho? Express your answer in years to one significant figure.
Cosmic Microwave Background
8. The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) acts as a perfect black body whose energy spectrum(energy density per unit volume per unit frequency) is given by the expression : (image attached)
As we discussed, clouds are made of a great many small drops. Really - a great many. Imagine a
liquid cloud that fills a volume of 1 km3. The clouds contains 100 drops per cubic centimeter; for
the sake of argument assume that each is 10 microns (micrometers) in radius.
A. How many drops does the cloud contain? Compare this to a big number - say, the number of
stars in the galaxy.
B. What mass of water does the cloud contain? Compare this to something big - elephants,
trucks, that sort of thing.
C. What fraction of the cloud volume is filled with condensed water? One way to approach this
is to compare the density of the suspended liquid water to the density of the surrounding air.
D. How many 1 mm drizzle drops could you make from all the cloud drops?
E. How much energy was released when this water condensed from vapor to liquid? If the
water condensed in 20 minutes (a reasonable lifetime for a small cloud), what was the
(energy per time)?
power
Chapter 20 Solutions
COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 20 - Prob. 2VSCCh. 20 - Prob. 3VSCCh. 20 - Prob. 4VSCCh. 20 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6VSCCh. 20 - Why do we need to understand the evolution of the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 3EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 4EAP
Ch. 20 - Prob. 9EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 10EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 11EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 12EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 20 - What is the cosmological horizon, and what...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 20 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 24EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 25EAPCh. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Prob. 27EAPCh. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 46EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 54EAPCh. 20 - Extremely Distant Galaxies. The most distant...Ch. 20 - Stretching of the Universe. The most distant white...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Does Hubble's Law work well for galaxies in the Local Group (such as Andromeda)? No, because dark energy is accelerating the universe's expansion over those distances. No, because we do not know the precise value of Ho. No, because Hubble did not know the Local Group existed when he discovered his law. Yes, it works well for all galaxies. No, because galaxies in the Local Group are bound gravitationally together.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the spectra of two galaxies A and B.arrow_forward2. A galaxy cluster has a galaxy behind it whose image we see as being smeared out and curved, with an angular radius of curvature on the sky of θE. The background galaxy is at redshift zgal and the cluster is at zclust. What is the mass of the cluster in solar masses? Give your response in scientific notation with one decimal place. (The Hubble constant is of course 70 km/s/Mpc, and you can assume the Hubble law for these low redshifts). Values: zgal = 0.11 zclust = 0.07 θE = 117.4 arcsecondsarrow_forward
- 1. The current (critical) density of our universe is pe = 10-26kg/m³. Assume the universe is filled with cubes with equal size that each contain one person of m = 100kg. What would the length of the side of such a cube have to be in order to give the correct critical density? How many hydrogen atoms would you need in a box of 1 m³ to reach the critical density? The matter we know, which consists mostly of hydrogen, constitutes only 4.8% of the current critical energy density of our universe. So how many hydrogen atoms are actually in a box of 1 m3 in our universe? Deep space is very empty and a much better vacuum than we can obtain on earth in a laboratory.arrow_forwardThere is still some uncertainty in the Hubble constant. (a) Current estimates range from about 19.9 km/s per million light-years to 23 km/s per million light-years. Assume that the Hubble constant has been constant since the Big Bang. What is the possible range in the ages of the universe? Use the equation in the text, T0=1H , and make sure you use consistent units. (b) Twenty years ago, estimates for the Hubble constant ranged from 50 to 100 km/s per Mps. What are the possible ages for the universe from those values? Can you rule out some of these possibilities on the basis of other evidence?arrow_forwardWhy is Hubble’s law considered one of the most important discoveries in the history of astronomy?arrow_forward
- Stuck on homework, especially the significant part. If the value of the Hubble constant is 70 kilometers per second per Mpc, then what is the Hubble time – that is, the amount of time the universe has been expanding since the Big Bang? Give your answer first in units of seconds, and then in units of billions of years. Your answer is significant to two digits.arrow_forwardCan someone help with this?arrow_forwardAn astronomer observed the motions of some galaxies. Based on his observations, he made the following statements. Which one of them is most likely to be false? Take Hubble's constant to be 67 km/s/Mpc. A. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Mpc from us. B. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 700 km/s is at a distance of about 10 Mpc from us. C. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 7000 km/s is at a distance of about 100 Mpc from us. D. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70000 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Gpc from us. Is the answer D? Thank you!arrow_forward
- What is the most likely range of values for Hubble’s constant? What are the uncertainties in its value?arrow_forward38. The Cosmic Microwave Background is remarkable in many ways. Let's illustrate this by personalizing the CMB a bit. a) Imagine that the Earth is a sphere with a radius equal to its actual equatorial radius (The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers). If the radius of the Earth is assumed to be constant to the same level of uniformity as the temperature fluctuations of the CMB—that is, to one part in 100,000—then how high would the highest mountains be relative to the mean surface radius of the Earth? b) Calculate the ratio of the age of the Universe when the CMB was created and the age of the Universe today (in late 2021). If a person is 20 years old, What was their age relative to their current age adopting that fraction? Give the result in hours.arrow_forwardAstronomers now think that there is a black hole with more than 4 milliion times the mass of our Sun at the center of our galaxy? Roughly how large would the event horizon of such a supermassive black hole be? a. the size of our moon b. about 4 light years across c. about 17 times the size of our sun d. about the size of an atom (so much mass really compresses the event horizon) e. this question can't be answered without knowing what kind of stars were swallowed by the black holearrow_forward
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