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ChemistryIntroductory Chemistry: A Foundation9th Edition

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Chapter 20, Problem 70QAP
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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundati...

9th Edition
Steven S. Zumdahl + 1 other
ISBN: 9781337399425

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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundati...

9th Edition
Steven S. Zumdahl + 1 other
ISBN: 9781337399425
Textbook Problem
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. Write equations showing the oxidation of a primary alcohol and the oxidation of a secondary alcohol to produce an aldehyde and a ketone, respectively. Indicate the structure of each alcohol and of the principal organic products of the oxidations.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The question asks one to write the equations corresponding to the oxidation of a primary alcohol and a secondary alcohol. Also one needs to specify the structure of each alcohol and the principal products of oxidation.

Concept Introduction:

Monohydric alcohols can be categorized into three types as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, Chapter 20, Problem 70QAP

AS shown above in primary alcohols carbon with the −OH group is bonded to only one carbon whereas in secondary alcohols, carbon with the −OH group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. In tertiary alcohols(not shown here), carbon with the −OH group is bonded to three other carbon atoms.

In the alcohols the −OH bond is polarized placing partially negative charge on O atom while placing a partially positive charge on the alkyl carbon atom of the R-OH bond. Hence due to the inter molecular hydrogen bonds formed between alcohol molecules, their boiling points have higher values compared to the alkanes and ethers with comparable relative molecular masses.

Explanation

During the oxidation of alcohols, the product of oxidation depends on primary, secondary or tertiary nature of the alcohol. Oxidation of alcohols can be carried out with H+ /KMnO4 or H+ / K2 Cr2 O7 or H+ / CrO3.

Primary alcohols-In the presence of the above mentioned oxidizing agents primary alcohols first give aldehydes. These are further oxidized to carboxylic acids as shown below

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Sect-20.2 P-20.1SCSect-20.4 P-20.2SCSect-20.4 P-20.3SCSect-20.5 P-1CTSect-20.7 P-20.4SCSect-20.9 P-20.5SCSect-20.11 P-20.6SCSect-20.14 P-20.7SCCh-20 P-1ALQCh-20 P-2ALQ
Ch-20 P-3ALQCh-20 P-4ALQCh-20 P-5ALQCh-20 P-6ALQCh-20 P-1QAPCh-20 P-2QAPCh-20 P-3QAPCh-20 P-4QAPCh-20 P-5QAPCh-20 P-6QAPCh-20 P-7QAPCh-20 P-8QAPCh-20 P-9QAPCh-20 P-10QAPCh-20 P-11QAPCh-20 P-12QAPCh-20 P-13QAPCh-20 P-14QAPCh-20 P-15QAPCh-20 P-16QAPCh-20 P-17QAPCh-20 P-18QAPCh-20 P-19QAPCh-20 P-20QAPCh-20 P-21QAPCh-20 P-22QAPCh-20 P-23QAPCh-20 P-24QAPCh-20 P-25QAPCh-20 P-26QAPCh-20 P-27QAPCh-20 P-28QAPCh-20 P-29QAPCh-20 P-30QAPCh-20 P-31QAPCh-20 P-32QAPCh-20 P-33QAPCh-20 P-34QAPCh-20 P-35QAPCh-20 P-36QAPCh-20 P-37QAPCh-20 P-38QAPCh-20 P-39QAPCh-20 P-40QAPCh-20 P-41QAPCh-20 P-42QAPCh-20 P-43QAPCh-20 P-44QAPCh-20 P-45QAPCh-20 P-46QAPCh-20 P-47QAPCh-20 P-48QAPCh-20 P-49QAPCh-20 P-50QAPCh-20 P-51QAPCh-20 P-52QAPCh-20 P-53QAPCh-20 P-54QAPCh-20 P-55QAPCh-20 P-56QAPCh-20 P-57QAPCh-20 P-58QAPCh-20 P-59QAPCh-20 P-60QAPCh-20 P-61QAPCh-20 P-62QAPCh-20 P-63QAPCh-20 P-64QAPCh-20 P-65QAPCh-20 P-66QAPCh-20 P-67QAPCh-20 P-68QAPCh-20 P-69QAPCh-20 P-70QAPCh-20 P-71QAPCh-20 P-72QAPCh-20 P-73QAPCh-20 P-74QAPCh-20 P-75QAPCh-20 P-76QAPCh-20 P-77QAPCh-20 P-78QAPCh-20 P-79QAPCh-20 P-80QAPCh-20 P-81QAPCh-20 P-82QAPCh-20 P-83QAPCh-20 P-84QAPCh-20 P-85QAPCh-20 P-86QAPCh-20 P-87QAPCh-20 P-88QAPCh-20 P-89APCh-20 P-90APCh-20 P-91APCh-20 P-92APCh-20 P-93APCh-20 P-94APCh-20 P-95APCh-20 P-96APCh-20 P-97APCh-20 P-98APCh-20 P-99APCh-20 P-100APCh-20 P-101APCh-20 P-102APCh-20 P-103APCh-20 P-104APCh-20 P-105APCh-20 P-106APCh-20 P-107APCh-20 P-108APCh-20 P-109APCh-20 P-110APCh-20 P-111APCh-20 P-112APCh-20 P-113APCh-20 P-114APCh-20 P-115APCh-20 P-116APCh-20 P-117APCh-20 P-118APCh-20 P-119APCh-20 P-120APCh-20 P-121APCh-20 P-122APCh-20 P-123APCh-20 P-124APCh-20 P-125APCh-20 P-126APCh-20 P-127APCh-20 P-128APCh-20 P-129APCh-20 P-130APCh-20 P-131APCh-20 P-132APCh-20 P-133APCh-20 P-134APCh-20 P-135APCh-20 P-136APCh-20 P-137APCh-20 P-138APCh-20 P-139APCh-20 P-140APCh-20 P-141APCh-20 P-142CPCh-20 P-143CPCh-20 P-144CPCh-20 P-145CPCh-20 P-146CPCh-20 P-147CP

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