Chapter 20.3, Problem 20.3CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Based on the effective nuclear charge, the strongest and weakest reducing agent has to be identified from the given ions.

Concept Introduction:

Effective nuclear charge:

The overall nuclear charge felt by an electron is known as effective nuclear charge.  Because, the attraction between nucleus and the outer shell electron is reduced by the inner shell electrons.  This effect is described by saying outer electrons are shielded from the nucleus by the inner electrons.

The value of ${\text{Z}}_{\text{eff}}$ is lesser than the value of actual nuclear charge $\left({\text{Z}}_{\text{actual}}\right)$.

${\text{Z}}_{\text{eff}}\text{=}{\text{Z}}_{\text{actual}}\text{-}\text{electron}\text{shielding}$

Representation of effective nuclear charge:

Figure 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Based on the effective nuclear charge, the strongest and weakest reducing agent has to be identified from the given oxoanions.

Concept Introduction:

Effective nuclear charge:

The overall nuclear charge felt by an electron is known as effective nuclear charge.  Because, the attraction between nucleus and the outer shell electron is reduced by the inner shell electrons.  This effect is described by saying outer electrons are shielded from the nucleus by the inner electrons.

The value of ${\text{Z}}_{\text{eff}}$ is lesser than the value of actual nuclear charge $\left({\text{Z}}_{\text{actual}}\right)$.

${\text{Z}}_{\text{eff}}\text{=}{\text{Z}}_{\text{actual}}\text{-}\text{electron}\text{shielding}$

Representation of effective nuclear charge:

Figure 1