(a) Interpretation: The consequence of c-subunit stoichiometry for the ratio of hydrogen ion and ATP needs to be determined. Concept Introduction: The several types of ATP syntheses are A-type, F-typeand V-type. The main transmembrane subunit of these ATP syntheses is ATPase subunit C of F o /V o complex. They are enzyme complexes which are membrane-bound, and they also transport ions like protons across the membrane. The energy can be produced in the form proton gradient making use of flux of the ions through the membrane with the help of ATPase proton network that drives the ATP synthesis. Some of the ATPases use the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis and build proton gradient. In this way, they work in reverse direction. The different ATPase types have different functions and the ion type transported by them.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The consequence of c-subunit stoichiometry for the ratio of hydrogen ion and ATP needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The several types of ATP syntheses are A-type, F-typeand V-type. The main transmembrane subunit of these ATP syntheses is ATPase subunit C of Fo/Vo complex.

They are enzyme complexes which are membrane-bound, and they also transport ions like protons across the membrane. The energy can be produced in the form proton gradient making use of flux of the ions through the membrane with the help of ATPase proton network that drives the ATP synthesis.

Some of the ATPases use the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis and build proton gradient. In this way, they work in reverse direction. The different ATPase types have different functions and the ion type transported by them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between c-subunit stoichiometry and the magnitude of the proton-motive force needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

For ATP synthesis, the approximate value of the proton motive force is -250 mV. This is denoted as Δp and composed of membrane potential, Δϕ and pH gradient ΔpH . The proton movie force is ratio of change in Gibbs free energy and Faraday’s constant. Thus, the formula will be as follows:

Δp=ΔGθ=Δϕ−(2.3RTθ)ΔpH

In the chloroplast the value of Δϕ is -50 to -100 mV. Also, the value of pH gradient is approximately 3 units. The value of photon motive force can be calculated from the above formula. It is approximately -170 mV.

The subunit C in F-ATPases is also known as subunit 9 as well as proteolipid. The F-ATPases contains 10 C subunits in the form of an oligomeric ring that build up the Fo rotor up.

The protons flux drives the C subunit ring rotation that is coupled with the F1 complex gamma subunit rotor. There is permanent bonding between the epsilon and gamma subunits in F1 and C subunit ring of Fo .

The continuous protonation and deprotonation of Asp61 in the subunit C results in the movement of the rotor stepwise.

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ATP is an ALLOSTERIC INHIBITOR of the phosphofructokinase enzyme, which is a key catalyst for one of the first steps of Glycolysis. Citrate (citric acid) is a 6-carbon product of the first reaction of the Krebs Cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle). Interestingly, Citrate enhances the inhibitory effect of ATP on phosphofructokinase. What is a likely explanation for the inhibitory effects of these molecules? Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be speeded up. Excess ATP and Citrate signal a positive feedback loop. Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be slowed. Excess ATP and Citrate compete for the active site of phosphofructokinase.

Efficiency of ATP Production in Muscle: The transformation of glucose to lactate in myocytes releases only about 7% of the free energy released when glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Does this mean that anaerobic glycolysis in muscle is a wasteful use of glucose? Explain.

why it is important to keep cellular [ATP] high relative to [ADP]. That is, why is it important to keep the ratio of [ADP]/[ATP] low at a given [Pi].

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The consequence of c-subunit stoichiometry for the ratio of hydrogen ion and ATP needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The several types of ATP syntheses are A-type, F-typeand V-type. The main transmembrane subunit of these ATP syntheses is ATPase subunit C of Fo/Vo complex.

They are enzyme complexes which are membrane-bound, and they also transport ions like protons across the membrane. The energy can be produced in the form proton gradient making use of flux of the ions through the membrane with the help of ATPase proton network that drives the ATP synthesis.

Some of the ATPases use the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis and build proton gradient. In this way, they work in reverse direction. The different ATPase types have different functions and the ion type transported by them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between c-subunit stoichiometry and the magnitude of the proton-motive force needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

For ATP synthesis, the approximate value of the proton motive force is -250 mV. This is denoted as Δp and composed of membrane potential, Δϕ and pH gradient ΔpH . The proton movie force is ratio of change in Gibbs free energy and Faraday’s constant. Thus, the formula will be as follows:

Δp=ΔGθ=Δϕ−(2.3RTθ)ΔpH

In the chloroplast the value of Δϕ is -50 to -100 mV. Also, the value of pH gradient is approximately 3 units. The value of photon motive force can be calculated from the above formula. It is approximately -170 mV.

The subunit C in F-ATPases is also known as subunit 9 as well as proteolipid. The F-ATPases contains 10 C subunits in the form of an oligomeric ring that build up the Fo rotor up.

The protons flux drives the C subunit ring rotation that is coupled with the F1 complex gamma subunit rotor. There is permanent bonding between the epsilon and gamma subunits in F1 and C subunit ring of Fo .

The continuous protonation and deprotonation of Asp61 in the subunit C results in the movement of the rotor stepwise.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The consequence of c-subunit stoichiometry for the ratio of hydrogen ion and ATP needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The several types of ATP syntheses are A-type, F-typeand V-type. The main transmembrane subunit of these ATP syntheses is ATPase subunit C of Fo/Vo complex.

They are enzyme complexes which are membrane-bound, and they also transport ions like protons across the membrane. The energy can be produced in the form proton gradient making use of flux of the ions through the membrane with the help of ATPase proton network that drives the ATP synthesis.

Some of the ATPases use the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis and build proton gradient. In this way, they work in reverse direction. The different ATPase types have different functions and the ion type transported by them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between c-subunit stoichiometry and the magnitude of the proton-motive force needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

For ATP synthesis, the approximate value of the proton motive force is -250 mV. This is denoted as Δp and composed of membrane potential, Δϕ and pH gradient ΔpH . The proton movie force is ratio of change in Gibbs free energy and Faraday’s constant. Thus, the formula will be as follows:

Δp=ΔGθ=Δϕ−(2.3RTθ)ΔpH

In the chloroplast the value of Δϕ is -50 to -100 mV. Also, the value of pH gradient is approximately 3 units. The value of photon motive force can be calculated from the above formula. It is approximately -170 mV.

The subunit C in F-ATPases is also known as subunit 9 as well as proteolipid. The F-ATPases contains 10 C subunits in the form of an oligomeric ring that build up the Fo rotor up.

The protons flux drives the C subunit ring rotation that is coupled with the F1 complex gamma subunit rotor. There is permanent bonding between the epsilon and gamma subunits in F1 and C subunit ring of Fo .

The continuous protonation and deprotonation of Asp61 in the subunit C results in the movement of the rotor stepwise.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The consequence of c-subunit stoichiometry for the ratio of hydrogen ion and ATP needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The several types of ATP syntheses are A-type, F-typeand V-type. The main transmembrane subunit of these ATP syntheses is ATPase subunit C of Fo/Vo complex.

They are enzyme complexes which are membrane-bound, and they also transport ions like protons across the membrane. The energy can be produced in the form proton gradient making use of flux of the ions through the membrane with the help of ATPase proton network that drives the ATP synthesis.

Some of the ATPases use the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis and build proton gradient. In this way, they work in reverse direction. The different ATPase types have different functions and the ion type transported by them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between c-subunit stoichiometry and the magnitude of the proton-motive force needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

For ATP synthesis, the approximate value of the proton motive force is -250 mV. This is denoted as Δp and composed of membrane potential, Δϕ and pH gradient ΔpH . The proton movie force is ratio of change in Gibbs free energy and Faraday’s constant. Thus, the formula will be as follows:

Δp=ΔGθ=Δϕ−(2.3RTθ)ΔpH

In the chloroplast the value of Δϕ is -50 to -100 mV. Also, the value of pH gradient is approximately 3 units. The value of photon motive force can be calculated from the above formula. It is approximately -170 mV.

The subunit C in F-ATPases is also known as subunit 9 as well as proteolipid. The F-ATPases contains 10 C subunits in the form of an oligomeric ring that build up the Fo rotor up.

The protons flux drives the C subunit ring rotation that is coupled with the F1 complex gamma subunit rotor. There is permanent bonding between the epsilon and gamma subunits in F1 and C subunit ring of Fo .

The continuous protonation and deprotonation of Asp61 in the subunit C results in the movement of the rotor stepwise.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The consequence of c-subunit stoichiometry for the ratio of hydrogen ion and ATP needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The several types of ATP syntheses are A-type, F-typeand V-type. The main transmembrane subunit of these ATP syntheses is ATPase subunit C of Fo/Vo complex.

They are enzyme complexes which are membrane-bound, and they also transport ions like protons across the membrane. The energy can be produced in the form proton gradient making use of flux of the ions through the membrane with the help of ATPase proton network that drives the ATP synthesis.

Some of the ATPases use the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis and build proton gradient. In this way, they work in reverse direction. The different ATPase types have different functions and the ion type transported by them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between c-subunit stoichiometry and the magnitude of the proton-motive force needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

For ATP synthesis, the approximate value of the proton motive force is -250 mV. This is denoted as Δp and composed of membrane potential, Δϕ and pH gradient ΔpH . The proton movie force is ratio of change in Gibbs free energy and Faraday’s constant. Thus, the formula will be as follows:

Δp=ΔGθ=Δϕ−(2.3RTθ)ΔpH

In the chloroplast the value of Δϕ is -50 to -100 mV. Also, the value of pH gradient is approximately 3 units. The value of photon motive force can be calculated from the above formula. It is approximately -170 mV.

The subunit C in F-ATPases is also known as subunit 9 as well as proteolipid. The F-ATPases contains 10 C subunits in the form of an oligomeric ring that build up the Fo rotor up.

The protons flux drives the C subunit ring rotation that is coupled with the F1 complex gamma subunit rotor. There is permanent bonding between the epsilon and gamma subunits in F1 and C subunit ring of Fo .

The continuous protonation and deprotonation of Asp61 in the subunit C results in the movement of the rotor stepwise.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The consequence of c-subunit stoichiometry for the ratio of hydrogen ion and ATP needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The several types of ATP syntheses are A-type, F-typeand V-type. The main transmembrane subunit of these ATP syntheses is ATPase subunit C of Fo/Vo complex.

They are enzyme complexes which are membrane-bound, and they also transport ions like protons across the membrane. The energy can be produced in the form proton gradient making use of flux of the ions through the membrane with the help of ATPase proton network that drives the ATP synthesis.

Some of the ATPases use the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis and build proton gradient. In this way, they work in reverse direction. The different ATPase types have different functions and the ion type transported by them.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The consequence of c-subunit stoichiometry for the ratio of hydrogen ion and ATP needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The several types of ATP syntheses are A-type, F-typeand V-type. The main transmembrane subunit of these ATP syntheses is ATPase subunit C of Fo/Vo complex.

They are enzyme complexes which are membrane-bound, and they also transport ions like protons across the membrane. The energy can be produced in the form proton gradient making use of flux of the ions through the membrane with the help of ATPase proton network that drives the ATP synthesis.

Some of the ATPases use the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis and build proton gradient. In this way, they work in reverse direction. The different ATPase types have different functions and the ion type transported by them.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between c-subunit stoichiometry and the magnitude of the proton-motive force needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

For ATP synthesis, the approximate value of the proton motive force is -250 mV. This is denoted as Δp and composed of membrane potential, Δϕ and pH gradient ΔpH . The proton movie force is ratio of change in Gibbs free energy and Faraday’s constant. Thus, the formula will be as follows:

Δp=ΔGθ=Δϕ−(2.3RTθ)ΔpH

In the chloroplast the value of Δϕ is -50 to -100 mV. Also, the value of pH gradient is approximately 3 units. The value of photon motive force can be calculated from the above formula. It is approximately -170 mV.

The subunit C in F-ATPases is also known as subunit 9 as well as proteolipid. The F-ATPases contains 10 C subunits in the form of an oligomeric ring that build up the Fo rotor up.

The protons flux drives the C subunit ring rotation that is coupled with the F1 complex gamma subunit rotor. There is permanent bonding between the epsilon and gamma subunits in F1 and C subunit ring of Fo .

The continuous protonation and deprotonation of Asp61 in the subunit C results in the movement of the rotor stepwise.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between c-subunit stoichiometry and the magnitude of the proton-motive force needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

For ATP synthesis, the approximate value of the proton motive force is -250 mV. This is denoted as Δp and composed of membrane potential, Δϕ and pH gradient ΔpH . The proton movie force is ratio of change in Gibbs free energy and Faraday’s constant. Thus, the formula will be as follows:

Δp=ΔGθ=Δϕ−(2.3RTθ)ΔpH

In the chloroplast the value of Δϕ is -50 to -100 mV. Also, the value of pH gradient is approximately 3 units. The value of photon motive force can be calculated from the above formula. It is approximately -170 mV.

The subunit C in F-ATPases is also known as subunit 9 as well as proteolipid. The F-ATPases contains 10 C subunits in the form of an oligomeric ring that build up the Fo rotor up.

The protons flux drives the C subunit ring rotation that is coupled with the F1 complex gamma subunit rotor. There is permanent bonding between the epsilon and gamma subunits in F1 and C subunit ring of Fo .

The continuous protonation and deprotonation of Asp61 in the subunit C results in the movement of the rotor stepwise.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 21 - P700* Has the Most Negative Standard Reduction...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2P Ch. 21 - Prob. 3P Ch. 21 - Prob. 4P Ch. 21 - The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in...Ch. 21 - pH and in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7P Ch. 21 - Prob. 8P Ch. 21 - Prob. 9P Ch. 21 - Prob. 10P

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