Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305116399
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 21.2P
A cylinder contains a mixture of helium and argon gas in equilibrium at 150°C. (a) What is the average kinetic energy for each type of gas molecule? (b) What is the rms speed of each type of molecule?
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
Ch. 21 - Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same...Ch. 21 - (i) How does the internal energy of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3QQCh. 21 - Prob. 21.4QQCh. 21 - Cylinder A contains oxygen (O2) gas, and cylinder...Ch. 21 - An ideal gas is maintained at constant pressure....Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3OQCh. 21 - A helium-filled latex balloon initially at room...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5OQCh. 21 - Prob. 21.6OQ
Ch. 21 - A sample of gas with a thermometer immersed in the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8OQCh. 21 - Which of the assumptions below is not made in the...Ch. 21 - Hot air rises, so why does it generally become...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2CQCh. 21 - When alcohol is rubbed on your body, it lowers...Ch. 21 - What happens to a helium-filled latex balloon...Ch. 21 - Which is denser, dry air or air saturated with...Ch. 21 - One container is filled with helium gas and...Ch. 21 - Daltons law of partial pressures states that the...Ch. 21 - (a) How many atoms of helium gas fill a spherical...Ch. 21 - A cylinder contains a mixture of helium and argon...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3PCh. 21 - In an ultrahigh vacuum system (with typical...Ch. 21 - A spherical balloon of volume 4.00 103 cm3...Ch. 21 - A spherical balloon of volume V contains helium at...Ch. 21 - A 2.00-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a...Ch. 21 - Oxygen, modeled as an ideal gas, is in a container...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9PCh. 21 - The rms speed of an oxygen molecule (O2) in a...Ch. 21 - A 5.00-L vessel contains nitrogen gas at 27.0C and...Ch. 21 - A 7.00-L vessel contains 3.50 moles of gas at a...Ch. 21 - In a period of 1.00 s, 5.00 1023 nitrogen...Ch. 21 - In a constant-volume process, 209 J of energy is...Ch. 21 - A sample of a diatomic ideal gas has pressure P...Ch. 21 - Review. A house has well-insulated walls. It...Ch. 21 - A 1.00-mol sample of hydrogen gas is healed at...Ch. 21 - A vertical cylinder with a heavy piston contains...Ch. 21 - Calculate the change in internal energy of 3.00...Ch. 21 - A 1.00-L insulated bottle is full of tea at 90.0C....Ch. 21 - Review. This problem is a continuation of Problem...Ch. 21 - A certain molecule has f degrees of freedom. Show...Ch. 21 - In a crude model (Fig. P21.23) of a rotating...Ch. 21 - Why is the following situation impossible? A team...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.25PCh. 21 - A 2.00-mol sample of a diatomic ideal gas expands...Ch. 21 - During the compression stroke of a certain...Ch. 21 - How much work is required to compress 5.00 mol of...Ch. 21 - Air in a thundercloud expands as it rises. If its...Ch. 21 - Why is the following situation impossible? A new...Ch. 21 - During the power stroke in a four-stroke...Ch. 21 - Air (a diatomic ideal gas) at 27.0C and...Ch. 21 - A 4.00-L sample of a diatomic ideal gas with...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.34PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.35PCh. 21 - Fifteen identical particles have various speeds:...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.37PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.38PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.39PCh. 21 - Consider a container of nitrogen gas molecules at...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.41PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.42PCh. 21 - The law of atmospheres states that the number...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.44APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.45APCh. 21 - The dimensions of a classroom are 4.20 m 3.00 m ...Ch. 21 - The Earths atmosphere consists primarily of oxygen...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.48APCh. 21 - An air rifle shoots a lead pellet by allowing high...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.50APCh. 21 - A certain ideal gas has a molar specific heat of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.52APCh. 21 - Review. Oxygen at pressures much greater than 1...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.54APCh. 21 - Model air as a diatomic ideal gas with M = 28.9...Ch. 21 - Review. As a sound wave passes through a gas, the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.57APCh. 21 - In a cylinder, a sample of an ideal gas with...Ch. 21 - As a 1.00-mol sample of a monatomic ideal gas...Ch. 21 - A sample consists of an amount n in moles of a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.61APCh. 21 - A vessel contains 1.00 104 oxygen molecules at...Ch. 21 - A pitcher throws a 0.142-kg baseball at 47.2 m/s....Ch. 21 - The latent heat of vaporization for water at room...Ch. 21 - A sample of a monatomic ideal gas occupies 5.00 L...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.66APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.67APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.68APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.69APCh. 21 - On the PV diagram for an ideal gas, one isothermal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.71APCh. 21 - Review, (a) H it has enough kinetic energy, a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.73APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.74CPCh. 21 - A cylinder is closed at both ends and has...
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- Cylinder A contains oxygen (O2) gas, and cylinder B contains nitrogen (N2) gas. If the molecules in the two cylinders have the same rms speeds, which of the following statements is false? (a) The two gases haw different temperatures. (b) The temperature of cylinder B is less than the temperature of cylinder A. (c) The temperature of cylinder B is greater than the temperature of cylinder A. (d) The average kinetic energy of the nitrogen molecules is less than the average kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules.arrow_forwardA gas is at 200 K. If we wish to double the rms speed of the molecules of the gas, to what value must we raise its temperature? (a) 283 K (b) 400 K (c) 566 K (d) 800 K (e) 1 130 Karrow_forwardOne cylinder contains helium gas and another contains krypton gas at the same temperature. Mark each of these statements true, false, or impossible to determine from the given information. (a) The rms speeds of atoms in the two gases are the same. (b) The average kinetic energies of atoms in the two gases are the same. (c) The internal energies of 1 mole of gas in each cylinder are the same. (d) The pressures in the two cylinders ale the same.arrow_forward
- An ideal gas is contained in a vessel at 300 K. The temperature of the gas is then increased to 900 K. (i) By what factor does the average kinetic energy of the molecules change, (a) a factor of 9, (b) a factor of 3, (c) a factor of 3, (d) a factor of 1, or (e) a factor of 13? Using the same choices as in part (i), by what factor does each of the following change: (ii) the rms molecular speed of the molecules, (iii) the average momentum change that one molecule undergoes in a collision with one particular wall, (iv) the rate of collisions of molecules with walls, and (v) the pressure of the gas?arrow_forwardA cylinder with a piston holds 0.50 m3 of oxygen at an absolute pressure of 4.0 atm. The piston is pulled outward, increasing the volume of the gas until the pressure drops to 1.0 atm. If the temperature stays constant, what new volume does the gas occupy? (a) 1.0 m3 (b) 1.5 m3 (c) 2.0 m3 (d) 0.12 m3 (e) 2.5 m3arrow_forwardTwo containers hold an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. Both containers hold the same type of gas, but container B has twice the volume of container A. (i) What is the average translational kinetic energy per molecule in container B? (a) twice that of container A (b) the same as that of container A (c) half that of container A (d) impossible to determine (ii) From the same choices, describe the internal energy of the gas in container B.arrow_forward
- What is the average velocity of the air molecules in the room where you are right now?arrow_forwardConsider the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function plotted in Problem 28. For those parameters, determine the rms velocity and the most probable speed, as well as the values of f(v) for each of these values. Compare these values with the graph in Problem 28. 28. Plot the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function for a gas composed of nitrogen molecules (N2) at a temperature of 295 K. Identify the points on the curve that have a value of half the maximum value. Estimate these speeds, which represent the range of speeds most of the molecules are likely to have. The mass of a nitrogen molecule is 4.68 1026 kg. Equation 20.18 can be used to find the rms velocity given the temperature, Boltzmanns constant, and the mass of the atom or molecule. The mass of a nitrogen molecule is 4.68 1026 kg. vrms=3kBTm=3(1.381023J/K)4.681026kg=511m/s Using the results of Problem 28 and the rms velocity, we can calculate the value of f(v). f(vrms) = (3.11 108)(511)2 e(5.75106(511)2) = 0.00181 The most probable speed, for which this function has its maximum value, is given by Equation 20.20. vmp=2kBTm=2(1.381023J/K)(295K)4.681026kg=417m/s f(vmp) = (3.11108)(417)2 e(5.75106(417)2) = 0.00199 We plot these points on the speed distribution. The most probable speed is indeed at the peak of the distribution function. Since the function is not symmetric, the rms velocity is somewhat higher than the most probable speed. Figure P20.29ANSarrow_forwardA vertical cylinder of cross-sectional area A is fitted with a tight-fitting, frictionless piston of mass m (Fig. P16.56). The piston is not restricted in its motion in any way and is supported by the gas at pressure P below it. Atmospheric pressure is P0. We wish to find die height h in Figure P16.56. (a) What analysis model is appropriate to describe the piston? (b) Write an appropriate force equation for the piston from this analysis model in terms of P, P0, m, A, and g. (c) Suppose n moles of an ideal gas are in the cylinder at a temperature of T. Substitute for P in your answer to part (b) to find the height h of the piston above the bottom of the cylinder.arrow_forward
- Helium gas is in thermal equilibrium with liquid helium at 4.20 K. Even though it is on the point of condensation, model the gas as ideal and determine the most probable speed of a helium atom (mass = 6.64 1027 kg) in it.arrow_forwardFifteen identical particles have various speeds: one has a speed of 2.00 m/s, two have speeds of 3.00 m/s, three have speeds of 5.00 m/s, four have speeds of 7.00 m/s, three have speeds of 9.00 m/s, and two have speeds of 12.0 m/s. Find (a) the average speed, (b) the rms speed, and (c) the most probable speed of these particles.arrow_forward(a) How many atoms of helium gas fill a spherical balloon of diameter 30.0 cm at 20.0C and 1.00 atm? (b) What is the average kinetic energy of the helium atoms? (c) What is the rms speed of the helium atoms?arrow_forward
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