What is the difference between the role of an electron carrier and that of a coenzyme?

Q: What is gluconeogenesis? Compare glycogenesis with glycogenolysis.

A: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain…

Q: What is the input material for the citric acid cycle, and other than energy carriers what are the…

A: Citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle takes place inside the mitochondria matrix.

Q: chemical equation for the reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Inc. D' and NADH.

A: The oxidation of NADH by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase , converting pyruvate to lactate, occurs…

Q: Define each of the following term a. gluconeogenesis b. glycolysis c. isoelectric point d. Active…

A: (a) Gluconeogenesis :  It is the metabolic process of formation of Glucose from the breakdown of its…

Q: What is the structural difference between ATP and ADP?

A:

Q: HO HO HO HO HO HO АТР HČO3 ADP P SCOA SCOA ОН CO2

A:

Q: What type of molecules are coenzymes derived from?

A: Coenzymes are small, non-protein organic molecules that carry chemical groups between enzymes (e.g.…

Q: What is the product of the reaction of fumarate and H2O when H2SO4 is used as a catalyst instead of…

A: Hydrolysis involves H2O addition in the molecules. The H+ ion of water attaches at one part of the…

Q: Identify by number those steps of the citric acid cycle that are not redox reactions.

A:

Q: What is the structural difference between coenzyme A and acetyl CoA?

A: The structural difference between coenzyme A and acetyl CoA has to be given below.

Q: Describe the main features of a mitochondrion. Where does energy production occur in a…

A:

Q: Define the term oxidative deamination?

A: Deamination means the removal of the amine group from the molecule.

Q: 17. In the urea cycle, , ions are converted to urea. a. pyruvate b. sodium C. ammonium O d.…

A: Human beings ingest nitrogen through food which is then excreted as urea. This pathway which…

Q: What metabolic intermediate is formed from the carbon skeleton of each amino acid? a.…

A:

Q: the following, explain whether it is in the oxidized or reduced form & then write the full name of…

A: Coenzyme is an organic non-protein compound that binds with an enzyme to catalyze a reaction. It…

Q: Name the coenzymes that donate one-carbon groups.

A: The “non protein organic molecule” which is required for the proper enzymatic reaction is called a…

Q: Nonenzyme-bound FAD is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD+. How, then, can NAD+ oxidize the reduced…

A: Non-enzyme bound FAD is a stronger oxidising agent than NAD+.  Consequently, FAD oxidizes NADH to…

Q: Classify the components as most accurately describing cofactors, coenzymes, or neither. Cofactors…

A: below answer is given

Q: Describe the main steps involved in the digestion of amylose in the potato you had for dinner

A: The digestion is a biological process and several steps are involved in it.

Q: Write the complete reactions in the ELectron Transport Chain

A: The electrons passing through the electron transport chain gradually lose energy, High-energy…

Q: Which of the eight enzymes in the citric acid cycle has a name that refers to the reverse reaction?…

A: The citric acid cycle involves 8 enzymes and are listed as follows, Citrate synthetase - Catalyze…

Q: What is the difference between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

A: Glycolysis It is the process where glucose molecule is divided into two molecules called pyruvate it…

Q: What are the products of the following reaction?

A: The product of the following reaction is given below:

Q: What is the substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase? a. pyruvic acid b. water c. hydrogen d.…

A: pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme which is used in pyruvate oxidation (1st step of oxidation of 6…

Q: Under what conditions are ketone bodies produced?

A: Ketone bodies are the water soluble molecules(acetoacetate,beta-hydroxybutyrate and the sponatneous…

Q: Name the coenzymes that provide a strong base.

A:

Q: What are four possible fates of pyruvate in a mammalian cell?

A:

Q: Explain what happens to the "nerve evoked response" and the "direct muscle response" in the presence…

A: Tubocurare is the form of the compund of the alkaline class which is responsible to produce…

Q: List the energy yield in ATP molecules for each of the following: NADH→NAD+NADH→NAD+…

A:

Q: What coenzyme is required to convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde?

A: The coenzyme that is required to convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde is acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA).

Q: How many molecules of water are produced by the electron transport chain during the complete aerobic…

A:

Q: The organelle that is considered to be the energy producing factory of the cell is called the:…

A: mitochondria are known as powerhouse of the cell they are organelles that act like a digestive…

Q: How does the concentration of NADH affect the rate of the citric acid cycle? Explain in 1 sentence.

A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase is allosterically stimulated by ADP, which enhances the enzyme's affinity…

Q: What is the function of FAD in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex or PDC is the complex of three enzymes which converts pyruvate to…

Q: In the coversion of ATP to AMP and 2 Pi via hydrolysis a. how many phosphorus-oxygen bonds are…

A: The reaction for the conversion of ATP to AMP via hydrolysis is:

Q: How elongation of fatty acids is performed in mitochondria ?

A: In the mitochondria, fatty acid is elongated through reversal of β-oxidation.

Q: What happened to the Pyruvate produced during glycolysis?

A: Pyruvate produced after glycolysis undergoes oxidation to acquire energy as ATP. This oxidation of…

Q: As some people age their skin becomes lighter in color due to reduced activity of the pigment…

A: Given statement is :  As some people age their skin becomes lighter in color due to reduced activity…

Q: Indicate whether an anabolic pathway or a catabolic pathway does the following: a. produces energy…

A: a. The energy production in the form of ATP undergoes catabolic pathway. Adenosine triphosphate…

Q: 5. What is the substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase? a. pyruvic acid O b. water c. hydrogen d.…

A:

Q: In the common catabolic pathway, a number of important molecules act as carriers ( transfer agents).…

A: (a)

Q: If glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is active, calculate the number of ATP produced from the complete…

A: Solution- Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is the process of regeneration of reducing equivalent NAD+…

Q: Name the coenzymes that are oxidizing agents.

A: Vitamins are essential in small amounts for proper functioning of a body that it cannot synthesise…

Q: Which of these reactions take place in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration? A. glycolysis B.…

A: In aerobic respiration energy produce due to the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen. In…

Q: Energy from the breakdown of citrate (formed from acetyl groups) is captured by what compound in…

A: Given cycle,            Citric acid cycle. In the citric acid cycle, there are 8 steps involved.

Q: Name the coenzymes that a. allow electrons to be delocalized. b. are oxidizing agents. c. provide a…

A: Coenzymes: a). allow electrons to be delocalized= The NAD+, NADP-, FAD thiamine pyrophosphate,…

Q: what is the end-product of digestion?

A: Digestion is a biological process in which the large insoluble food molecules are broken down into…

Q: Name the coenzymes that allow electrons to be delocalized.

A: Coenzymes: a). allow electrons to be delocalized= The NAD+, NADP-, FAD thiamine pyrophosphate,…

Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.

Glucogenesis

Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general  definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,