Financial And Managerial Accounting
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337902663
Author: WARREN, Carl S.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 21, Problem 5DQ
The manager of a company are planning to manufacture more product than is needed for expected sales for the coming year. What effect will this have on operating income under(a) the absorption costing concept and (b) the variable costing concept?
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Financial And Managerial Accounting
Ch. 21 - What types of costs are customarily included in...Ch. 21 - Which type of manufacturing cost (direct...Ch. 21 - Which of the following costs would be included in...Ch. 21 - In the variable costing income statement, how are...Ch. 21 - The manager of a company are planning to...Ch. 21 - Since all costs of operating a business are...Ch. 21 - Discuss how financial data prepared on the basis...Ch. 21 - Why might management analyze product...Ch. 21 - Explain why rewarding sales personnel on the basis...Ch. 21 - Explain why service companies use different...
Ch. 21 - Variable costing Marley Company has the following...Ch. 21 - Variable costingproduction exceeds sales Fixed...Ch. 21 - Variable costingsales exceed production The...Ch. 21 - Analyzing income under absorption and variable...Ch. 21 - Contribution margin by segment The following...Ch. 21 - At the end of the first year of operations, 21,500...Ch. 21 - Gallatin County Motors Inc. assembles and sells...Ch. 21 - Fresno Industries Inc. manufactures and sells...Ch. 21 - On March 31, the end of the first month of...Ch. 21 - On April 30, the end of the first month of...Ch. 21 - On October 31, the end of the first month of...Ch. 21 - The following data were adapted from a recent...Ch. 21 - Estimated income statements, using absorption and...Ch. 21 - The following data were adapted from a recent...Ch. 21 - How is the quantity factor for an increase or a...Ch. 21 - Explain why service companies use different...Ch. 21 - Galaxy Sports Inc. manufactures and sells two...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13ECh. 21 - Sales territory and salesperson profitability...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15ECh. 21 - Prob. 16ECh. 21 - Variable costing income statement for a service...Ch. 21 - Variable costing income statement for a service...Ch. 21 - Absorption and variable costing income statements...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PACh. 21 - During the first month of operations ended May 31,...Ch. 21 - Salespersons report and analysis Walthman...Ch. 21 - Segment variable costing income statement and...Ch. 21 - Absorption and variable costing income statements...Ch. 21 - Income statements under absorption costing and...Ch. 21 - Absorption and variable costing income statements...Ch. 21 - Salespersons report and analysis Pachec Inc....Ch. 21 - Prob. 5PBCh. 21 - Comcast Corporation (CMCSA) is a global media and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2MADCh. 21 - Prob. 3MADCh. 21 - Segment disclosure by Apple Inc. (AAPL) provides...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TIFCh. 21 - Inventory effects under absorption costing BendOR,...Ch. 21 - Communication Bon Jager Inc. manufactures and...Ch. 21 - Data for the last fiscal year for Merlene Company...Ch. 21 - Chassen Company, a cracker and cookie...Ch. 21 - Mill Corporation had the following unit costs for...Ch. 21 - Bethany Company has just completed the first month...
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- The management of Hartman Company is trying to determine the amount of each of two products to produce over the coming planning period. The following information concerns labor availability, labor utilization, and product profitability: a. Develop a linear programming model of the Hartman Company problem. Solve the model to determine the optimal production quantities of products 1 and 2. b. In computing the profit contribution per unit, management does not deduct labor costs because they are considered fixed for the upcoming planning period. However, suppose that overtime can be scheduled in some of the departments. Which departments would you recommend scheduling for overtime? How much would you be willing to pay per hour of overtime in each department? c. Suppose that 10, 6, and 8 hours of overtime may be scheduled in departments A, B, and C, respectively. The cost per hour of overtime is 18 in department A, 22.50 in department B, and 12 in department C. Formulate a linear programming model that can be used to determine the optimal production quantities if overtime is made available. What are the optimal production quantities, and what is the revised total contribution to profit? How much overtime do you recommend using in each department? What is the increase in the total contribution to profit if overtime is used?arrow_forwardIn designing a bonus structure to reward your production managers, one of the options is to reward the managers based on reaching annual income targets. What are the differences between a reward system for a company that uses absorption costing and one for a company that uses variable costing?arrow_forwardSuppose you are analyzing a firm that is successfully executing a strategy that differentiates its products from those of its competitors. Because of this strategy, you project that next year the firm will generate 6.0% revenue growth from price increases and 3.0% revenue growth from sales volume increases. Assume that the firms production cost structure involves strictly variable costs. (That is, the cost to produce each unit of product remains the same.) Should you project that the firms gross profit will increase next year? If you project that the gross profit will increase, is the increase a result of volume growth, price growth, or both? Should you project that the firms gross profit margin (gross profit divided by sales) will increase next year? If you project that the gross profit margin will increase, is the increase a result of volume growth, price growth, or both?arrow_forward
- Continuous improvement is the governing principle of a lean accounting system. Following are several performance measures. Some of these measures would be associated with a traditional standard-costing accounting system, and some would be associated with a lean accounting system. a. Materials price variances b. Cycle time c. Comparison of actual product costs with target costs d. Materials quantity or efficiency variances e. Comparison of actual product costs over time (trend reports) f. Comparison of actual overhead costs, item by item, with the corresponding budgeted costs g. Comparison of product costs with competitors product costs h. Percentage of on-time deliveries i. First-time through j. Reports of value- and non-value-added costs k. Labor efficiency variances l. Days of inventory m. Downtime n. Manufacturing cycle efficiency (MCE) o. Unused (available) capacity variance p. Labor rate variance q. Using a sister plants best practices as a performance standard Required: 1. Classify each measure as lean or traditional (standard costing). If traditional, discuss the measures limitations for a lean environment. If it is a lean measure, describe how the measure supports the objectives of lean manufacturing. 2. Classify the measures into operational (nonfinancial) and financial categories. Explain why operational measures are better for control at the shop level (production floor) than financial measures. Should any financial measures be used at the operational level? 3. Suggest some additional measures that you would like to see added to the list that would be supportive of lean objectives.arrow_forwardWhen the number of units in ending inventory increases through the year, which of the following is true? A. Net income is the same for variable and absorption costing. B. Net income is higher for variable costing than for absorption costing. C. Net income is higher for absorption costing than for variable costing. D. There is no relationship between net Income and the costing method.arrow_forwardThe following data were adapted from a recent income statement of The Procter Gamble Company (PG): Assume that the variable amount of each category of operating costs is as follows: a. Based on the data given, prepare a variable costing income statement for Procter Gamble, assuming that the company maintained constant inventory levels during the period. b. If Procter Gamble reduced its inventories during the period, what impact would that have on the operating income determined under absorption costing?arrow_forward
- Data for Torleson Company are as follows: Required: 1. Calculate the sales price variance. 2. Calculate the sales volume variance. 3. Suppose that the product is in the introductory stage of the product life cycle. What information do these two variances provide to Torlesons managers?arrow_forwardAs a manager, you have to choose between two options for new production equipment. Machine A will increase fixed costs by a substantial margin but will produce greater sales volume at the current price. Machine B will only slightly increase fixed costs but will produce considerable savings on variable cost per unit. No additional sales are anticipated if Machine B is selected. What are the relative merits of both machines, and how could you go about analyzing which machine is the better investment for the company in terms of both net operating income and break-even?arrow_forwardSales Revenue Approach, Variable Cost Ratio, Contribution Margin Ratio Arberg Companys controller prepared the following budgeted income statement for the coming year: Required: 1. What is Arbergs variable cost ratio? What is its contribution margin ratio? 2. Suppose Arbergs actual revenues are 30,000 more than budgeted. By how much will operating income increase? Give the answer without preparing a new income statement 3. How much sales revenue must Arberg earn to break even? Prepare a contribution margin income statement to verify the accuracy of your answer. 4. What is Arbergs expected margin of safety? 5. What is Arbergs margin of safety if sales revenue is 380,000?arrow_forward
- Evaluating selling and administrative cost allocations Gordon Gecco Furniture Company has two major product lines with the following characteristics: Commercial office furniture: Few large orders, little advertising support, shipments in full truckloads, and low handling complexity Home office furniture: Many small orders, large advertising support, shipments in partial truckloads, and high handling complexity The company produced the following profitability report for management: The selling and administrative expenses are allocated to the products on the basis of relative sales dollars. Evaluate the accuracy of this report and recommend an alternative approach.arrow_forwardThe following series of statements or phrases are associated with product life-cycle viewpoints. Identify whether each one is associated with the marketing, production, or customer viewpoint. Where possible, identify the particular characteristic being described. If the statement or phrase fits more than one viewpoint, label it as interactive. Explain the interaction. a. Sales are increasing at an increasing rate. b. The cost of maintaining the product after it is purchased. c. The product is losing market acceptance and sales are beginning to decrease. d. A design is chosen to minimize post-purchase costs. e. Ninety percent or more of the costs are committed during the development stage. f. The length of time that the product serves the needs of a customer. g. All the costs associated with a product for its entire life cycle. h. The time in which a product generates revenue for a company. i. Profits tend to reach peak levels during this stage. j. Customers have the lowest price sensitivity during this stage. k. Describes the general sales pattern of a product as it passes through distinct life-cycle stages. l. The concern is with product performance and price. m. Actions taken so that life-cycle profits are maximized. n. Emphasizes internal activities that are needed to develop, produce, market, and service products.arrow_forwardThe president of a small manufacturing firm is concerned about the continual increase in manufacturing costs over the past several years. The following figures provide a time series of the cost per unit for the firms leading product over the past eight years: a. Construct a time series plot. What type of pattern exists in the data? b. Use simple linear regression analysis to find the parameters for the line that minimizes MSE for this time series. c. What is the average cost increase that the firm has been realizing per year? d. Compute an estimate of the cost/unit for next year.arrow_forward
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